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Biomedical subjects

D M BROWN

Publications and source records attributed to D M BROWN.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1963

FURTHER PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY OF CLOXACILLIN.

In concentrations greatly in excess of therapeutic blood levels cloxacillin has a slight hypotensive action. As with other antibiotics, it sometimes causes diarrhoea in rabbits but, in doses up to 200 mg/kg, it does not have a teratogenic effect on the rabbit foetus. Cloxacillin is distributed throughout the body. High concentrations are found only in the liver and kidney, these reflecting the high concentrations in the bile and urine respectively. It differs from other penicillins investigated in that there appears to be little or no renal tubular secretion as demonstrated in experiments on the hen. Cloxacillin is excreted as the unchanged drug and as an active metabolite in the urine and bile. After oral administration it is metabolized in the caecum giving a penicillin which differs from the urinary metabolite and which has a greater antibiotic action against Sarcina lutea than the parent penicillin. The activity of the caecal metabolite against resistant and sensitive strains of Staphylococcus, however, remains similar to that of cloxacillin. Against infections due to resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus in animals cloxacillin is active by both the oral and subcutaneous routes and it is more effective orally than an equal subcutaneous dose of methicillin.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Pharmacology and chemotherapy of ampicillin--a new broad-spectrum penicillin.

The pharmacology and chemotherapy of a new penicillin, 6[D(-)-alpha-aminophenylacetamido] penicillanic acid, are described. It is non-toxic, is absorbed orally and is distributed throughout the body in a manner similar to other penicillins. It is eliminated unchanged from the body in high concentrations in the bile and urine. Almost all of the antibiotic can be accounted for in the urine and intestinal contents 2 hr after intramuscular administration but not after oral administration. It is concluded that the antibiotic is not metabolized within the body. Studies with infected animals show that it is as effective as the existing oral penicillins against Staphylococcus pyogenes Smith (penicillin sensitive), Streptococcus pyogenes Group A and Diplococcus pneumoniae. It is ineffective against penicillin-resistant Staphylococci. When tested in mice infected with the gram-negative organisms, Salmonella tryphimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae, it was considerably more active than tetracycline and chloramphenicol.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1961

Pharmacology of methicillin.

The pharmacology of a new antibiotic methicillin, 6(2:6-dimethoxybenzamido)-penicillanic acid, which is effective against staphylococci resistant to penicillin G, has been investigated. It is free from acute and chronic toxic effects, except that some pain may be caused following intramuscular injection. It is poorly absorbed orally, but after intramuscular injection the concentrations in the serum and in tissues are very similar to those found with penicillin G. It is excreted by the kidneys both by renal tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. It is also excreted in the bile in very high concentrations, the ratio of concentration in the bile to the blood being approximately 2.5 times that of penicillin G. From a study of the metabolism of the drug it is calculated that 75% is eliminated unchanged in the urine and that the remainder is probably destroyed after the excretion into the intestine via the bile.

Bile↗