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Biomedical subjects

D M Boothe

Publications and source records attributed to D M Boothe.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Drug therapy in cats: a systems approach.

In the second part of this 4-part series, drug therapy in cats is discussed by use of a systems approach. Specifically, drugs that can be used safely for treatment of disorders affecting the feline gastrointestinal, central nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, and urogenital systems are described. Many drugs that are used in dogs can be safely used in cats according to the same or similar dosing regimens. Several drugs that have traditionally been considered inappropriate (eg, morphine derivatives, primidone) can probably also be used, if cautiously, in cats. In contrast, use of several drugs that are safely used in other species should be avoided in cats (eg, selected emetics and antiemetics, phosphate salt enemas, and selected urinary antiseptics). Cats are more sensitive than dogs to the adverse side effects of a variety of drugs (eg, aspirin, digoxin, selected antiarrhythmics), and extra precautions must be taken when these drugs are used in cats. Finally, several drugs are used for the treatment of illnesses that tend to be unique to cats (eg, taurine and calcium-channel blockers in selected feline cardiovascular disorders).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Drug therapy in cats: mechanisms and avoidance of adverse drug reactions.

This is the first of a 4-part series concerning drug therapy in cats. In this article, factors that may increase the incidence of type-A adverse drug reactions in cats are discussed. Factors related to species and age differences, drug interactions, and the effects of disease are emphasized. Those that tend to be unique to cats, such as species-induced differences in drug disposition, are described in detail when sufficient information was available from the literature. General recommendations regarding drug administration are made, which will facilitate the implementation of rational drug therapy in cats, thus reducing the incidence of adverse reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Anaerobic infections in small animals.

Successful antimicrobial therapy for anaerobic infections is often difficult because selection of the wrong antimicrobial drug, the presence of mixed infections, the effect of environmental conditions on antimicrobial activity, and the development of bacterial resistance contribute to therapeutic failure. Drugs that are used for the treatment of anaerobic infections include the beta-lactam antibiotics (ie, penicillins, the carbampenams, and the cephalosporins), chloramphenicol, clindamycin, metronidazole, and vancomycin. The clinical pharmacology and bacterial resistance patterns of each of these drugs determines which should be used in specific clinical situations. The penicillins remain the drug of choice for most anaerobic infections. Piperacillin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and metronidazole are the most effective antimicrobials for the treatment of resistant Bacteroides spp. Drugs that are effective against both aerobic and anaerobic organisms, and thus are indicated as sole drugs for the treatment of mixed infections, include piperacillin, imipenem, cefoxitin and in selected instances, chloramphenicol. Drugs that may need to be combined with antimicrobials effective against gram-negative aerobes are clindamycin, narrow spectrum penicillins, and metronidazole.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A canine model of multiple portosystemic shunting.

The objective of this study was to develop and describe an experimental canine model of multiple acquired portosystemic shunts (PSS) similar in nature to spontaneously occurring PSS. Sixteen dogs were used and were divided into a control (n = 6) and a diseased group (n = 10). Dogs of the diseased group were administered dimethylnitrosamine (2 mg/kg of body weight, po) twice weekly, and clinicopathologic, ultrasonographic, and hepatic scintigraphic findings were recorded during the development of hepatic disease and PSS. Surgery was then performed to permit visual verification of multiple shunts, catheter placement for portography examination, and biopsy of the liver. All diseased dogs developed severe hepatic disease and multiple PSS as documented visually at surgery and on portography. Based on this study, dimethylnitrosamine-induced portosystemic shunting appears to be an appropriate model for spontaneously occurring multiple PSS secondary to portal hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetics and suggested oral dosing regimen of cisapride: a study in healthy cats.

The disposition of cisapride in seven healthy cats was determined following administration of either a single oral (2 mg/kg body weight) or intravenous (i.v.) (1 mg/kg body weight) dose. Cats were studied using a random crossover design. After administration of the oral capsule, maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) +/- standard deviation (SD) was 73.32 +/- 16.59 ng/ml, and bioavailability +/- SD was 29.0 +/- 22.6%. Following i.v. administration, extrapolated peak cisapride concentration (C0) +/- SD was 421.30 +/- 155.37 ng/ml, and clearance +/- SD was 15 +/- 0.67 ml/kg per minute. Elimination half-life (T1/2) was similar for both routes of administration (T1/2(oral) +/- SD was 5.27 +/- 3.16 hr, T1/2(i.v.) +/- SD was 5.19 +/- 3.77 hr). Adverse effects were not observed. Based on these results, a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight per os (PO) every eight hours or 1.5 mg/kg body weight every 12 hours is expected to result in plasma drug concentrations within the therapeutic ranges established for humans.

Administration, Oral↗