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Biomedical subjects

D M Cosgrove

Publications and source records attributed to D M Cosgrove.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Determinants of 10-year survival after primary myocardial revascularization.

The first 1000 patients undergoing primary isolated myocardial revascularization each year from 1971 to 1978 were analyzed to elucidate the determinants of long-term survival. Five-year survival was 93.2%, and 10-year survival was 79.3%. Five-year survivals were 96.1%, 94.2%, 92.1%, and 90.8%, respectively, for single, double, triple, and left main disease. Ten-year survivals for the same subsets were 88.6%, 83.0%, 74.9%, and 70.9%. Five-year survivals were 95.3%, 92.4%, 88.0%, and 81.3% for patients with normal, mild, moderate, and severe impairment of the left ventricle. Ten-year survivals for the same subsets were 84.1%, 76.5%, 65.8% and 53.6%. Patients receiving internal mammary artery grafts had 95.6% and 85.8% 5- and 10-year survivals that were superior to 92.0% and 76.2% in patients with only vein grafts. Patients completely revascularized had 95.0% and 82.5% 5- and 10-year survivals, while incompletely revascularized patients had lower (90.5% and 75.2%) 5- and 10-year survivals. Advancing age was the most important factor influencing late survival. Other risk factors in descending order of significance were impaired left ventricular function, no mammary artery graft, smoking, abnormal EKG, three vessel or left main disease, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) greater than 24, hypertension, 1971 to 1974 surgical era, cholesterol greater than 300, incomplete revascularization, and two vessel disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mitral valve replacement combined with myocardial revascularization: early and late results for 300 patients, 1970 to 1983.

Of 300 consecutive patients undergoing primary operation for mitral valve replacement combined with coronary bypass grafting, 22 (7.3%) died in-hospital. Multivariate testing of preoperative and operative descriptors identified radiographic cardiac enlargement, preoperative paced rhythm or atrial fibrillation, 70% or more left main coronary obstruction, and serum bilirubin of more than 2 mg% as factors associated with an increase in in-hospital mortality. Follow-up of the 278 hospital survivors (mean interval 48 months, range 2 to 165 months) documented survival of 85%, 66%, and 31% and an event-free survival of 65%, 46%, and 21% at 2, 5, and 10 postoperative years, respectively. Cox proportional-hazard regression models of late risk implicated in-hospital ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and rheumatic or ischemic causes of mitral valve disease in decreasing long-term survival. In addition, patients with bioprostheses without warfarin anticoagulation had better survival and event-free survival than those with bioprostheses taking warfarin and those with mechanical prostheses with or without warfarin.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Long-term (5 to 12 years) serial studies of internal mammary artery and saphenous vein coronary bypass grafts.

Serial arteriograms were obtained in 501 patients after coronary bypass grafting. Study I within 5 years of operation (mean interval 15 months) and Study II more than 5 years after (mean interval 88 months, range 60 to 147 months). One hundred patients received both internal mammary artery and saphenous vein grafts: 37, mammary artery grafts only, and 364, vein grafts only. In Study I, 645 (82%) of 786 vein grafts were patent, 42 (5%) stenotic or irregular, and 99 (13%) occluded. Of 140 mammary artery grafts, 136 (97%) were patent, two (2%) stenotic, and two (2%) occluded. Of the 645 vein grafts patent in Study I, 357 (55%) remained patent in Study II, 119 (18%) were stenotic or irregular, and 169 (26%) were occluded. Of 136 mammary artery grafts patent in Study I, 130 (96%) were unchanged, one was stenotic, and five (4%) were occluded in Study II. Early vein graft patency was influenced by the coronary artery grafted and by angina. Progression of vein grafts patent at Study I to stenosis or occlusion at Study II was associated with increasing postoperative interval (p less than 0.00001), interval myocardial infarction (p less than 0.001), angina (p less than 0.001), diabetes (p less than 0.004), hypercholesterolemia (p less than 0.006), and hypertriglyceridemia (p less than 0.02); it was not influenced by the coronary artery grafted. Within 5 years of operation, mammary artery graft patency exceeded vein graft patency. Between 5 and 12 years after operation, the attrition rate of vein grafts greatly exceeded that of mammary artery grafts (p less than 0.0001).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Does mammary artery grafting increase surgical risk?

From 1980 through 1982, 7105 patients underwent primary isolated myocardial revascularization. Of these, 49.2% received only vein grafts and 50.2% received at least one internal mammary artery graft. The incidence of mammary artery grafting increased from 33.5% in 1980 to 67.1% in 1982. The operative mortality rate was 1.4% in the vein group and 0.2% in the mammary artery group (p less than .0001). A multivariate analysis identified six incremental risk factors for operative mortality. After adjusting for these risk factors, the use of vein grafts only was found to be an incremental risk factor (p less than .0001). In a subset of patients without major risk factors, there was no difference in the incidence of perioperative infarction, respiratory insufficiency, wound complication, stroke, use of intra-aortic balloon, reoperation for bleeding, or blood requirements. We conclude that internal mammary artery grafting is safe and is not associated with increased surgical morbidity or mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Myocardial revascularization: evolution of a surgical procedure.

Since its inception, myocardial revascularization has steadily evolved. The patient population is older with more extensive cardiac disease. Surgical mortality is currently 1% with a less than 1% perioperative myocardial infarction rate. The number of grafts done per patient has increased to more than three with 80% of the patients being completely revascularized. Ninety percent of the patients receive at least one internal mammary artery graft. With more complete revascularization and greater use of the internal mammary artery, the prospects for long-term survival and palliation have improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

In vivo hemodynamic comparison of porcine and pericardial valves.

The bovine pericardial valve and the SupraAnnular valve have been developed to improve the hemodynamic function of tissue valves. Hemodynamic performances of the standard Carpentier-Edwards porcine valve, the Carpentier-Edwards SupraAnnular valve, and the Carpentier-Edwards bovine pericardial valve were compared in the aortic position. One hundred patients undergoing aortic valve replacement were studied intraoperatively. Mean gradient across the valve decreased for standard and pericardial valves as valve size increased. At the same flow rate, the 23 mm pericardial valve had larger valve orifice areas, higher performance indices, and lower gradients than the 23 mm SupraAnnular valve. The SupraAnnular valve is hemodynamically superior to the standard Carpentier-Edwards porcine bioprosthesis. The Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve, however, is less obstructive in the aortic position than either of the porcine valves.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1985

Hemodynamic performance of the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve in the aortic position in vivo.

The bovine pericardial valve was developed to improve the hemodynamic function of tissue valves. Eighty-one patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve in the aortic position were studied intraoperatively. Mean gradient across the valve (mm Hg) decreased as valve size increased: size 19, 23.0 +/- 7.8; size 21, 19.7 +/- 6.6; size 23, 15.2 +/- 8.6; size 25, 13 +/- 4.0. Mean valve orifice area (cm2) increased as valve size increased: size 19, 1.1 +/- 0.4; size 21, 1.4 +/- 0.6; size 23, 2.0 +/- 0.7; size 25, 2.1 +/- 0.7. The mean transvalvular gradient, valve orifice area, and performance index increased as mean flow increased. The Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve provides excellent hemodynamic performance that is acceptable even in size 19.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Young adults with coronary atherosclerosis: 10 year results of surgical myocardial revascularization.

This study reviews data on 107 patients, aged 35 years or younger, who underwent surgical coronary revascularization from 1971 to 1975. Early clinical events included one operative death and five nonfatal perioperative myocardial infarctions. Late follow-up (mean interval after operation 115 months) demonstrated actuarial survival rates of 94% at 5 years and 85% at 10 years. Fifteen late deaths, 23 nonfatal myocardial infarctions, 13 reoperations and return of severe angina in 10 patients were considered late clinical events. Actuarial survival free of early or late clinical events was 77% at 5 years and 53% at 10 postoperative years. Testing of clinical, angiographic and operative variables for influence on survival and event-free survival showed that survival was decreased by multivessel disease and impaired left ventricular function; event-free survival was decreased by a family history of coronary disease and cigarette smoking. Both survival and event-free survival were decreased by diabetes and elevated serum cholesterol. Postoperative cardiac catheterization (64 patients, mean postoperative interval 47 months) demonstrated that mammary artery graft patency (25 of 27, 93%) exceeded vein graft patency (49 of 88, 56%, p less than 0.01). The atherogenic diatheses of young adults may compromise the operative result, whereas use of internal mammary artery grafts may enhance the palliation of bypass surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Primary myocardial revascularization. Trends in surgical mortality.

From 1970 to 1982, 24,672 patients underwent primary isolated myocardial revascularization: Group I, 4,517 patients operated upon from 1970 to 1973; Group II, 6,181 patients from 1974 to 1976; Group III, 6,869 patients from 1977 to 1979; and Group IV, 7,105 patients from 1980 to 1982. Operative mortality was 1.2% for the entire experience and 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.6%, and 0.8% for Groups I to IV, respectively. Mortality for Group IV was significantly lower (p less than 0.001). In decreasing order of significance, the risk factors were emergency operation, congestive heart failure, left main disease, female gender, history of congestive heart failure, advancing age, normothermic arrest, number of grafts, poor ventricular function, and incomplete revascularization. The same analysis of Groups I to IV demonstrated that advanced age, emergency operation, female gender, and congestive heart failure persisted as risk factors while incomplete revascularization and abnormal electrocardiogram emerged as new risk factors. Cardiac causes accounted for 203 (66.2%) patient deaths. This gradually decreased from 75.3% in Group II to 58.5% in Group IV. Neurological deficit was the second most frequent cause of death, 29 (9.6%), reaching a high in Group IV (18.9%). We conclude that (1) morbidity and mortality have decreased significantly despite increasing risk factors; (2) congestive heart failure has replaced emergency operation as the principal risk factor; (3) left main disease, number of grafts, and poor ventricular function have been neutralized as risk factors; and (4) cardiac causes of death are decreasing and being replaced by other system failure.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

A strategy for cost containment in coronary surgery.

Patients with multivessel coronary atherosclerosis and stable angina pectoris were examined by outpatient testing and admitted to a staging area with their families on the morning of coronary bypass surgery. This experimental group was not hospitalized before surgery. Their hospital charges were compared with those of cohorts of coronary artery surgery patients from 1977 to 1981 who met the same entrance criteria. Length of stay in the hospital was reduced by two days. A 10% savings in hospital charges was realized in the 1981 experimental group as compared with the 1981 control group. A comparison of total hospital charges, adjusted for inflation, shows that 1981 experimental group patients paid 35% less for their hospital room, 45% less for their intensive care period, and 17% less in total charges than the 1977 control group. Interviews indicated that these patients with stable cardiac conditions preferred to stay with their families or friends before surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Mechanism and frequency of brachial plexus injury in open-heart surgery: a prospective analysis.

A computer-assisted prospective analysis of 531 patients undergoing open-heart operations revealed that 26 patients (5%) sustained brachial plexus injury. In 22 of the 26 patients (85%), the lesion involved the lower trunk or C8-T1 nerve roots. Electromyograms confirmed the clinical impression in 13 patients. In 19 of the 26 patients (73%), the side on which the plexus lesion was found correlated with the side of internal jugular vein cannulation. Because of the anatomical proximity of the lower trunk to the internal jugular vein and the preponderance of lower trunk lesions, we postulate that traumatic cannulation may be a major mechanism of plexus injury. Thus, the resulting syndrome of pain, dysesthesias, and hand weakness may sometimes be preventable.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Management of the calcified aorta: an alternative method of occlusion.

Clamping an atherosclerotic aorta during a cardiac operation exposes the patient to the risk of embolization of atherosclerotic debris. A method of internal occlusion using a Foley catheter is described that minimizes both trauma to the aorta and the associated risks of embolization.

Aortic Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Trends in selection and results of coronary artery reoperations.

The first 1,000 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery reoperation were divided into four cohorts of 250 patients each: 1969 to 1976; 1976 to 1979; 1979 to 1981; and 1981 into 1982. Graft failure as an indication for reoperation rose from 26% in Group 1 to 40% in Group 4, and the interval lengthened from 17 to 61 months, presumably a result of late closures 5 to 10 years postoperatively. Progressive atherosclerosis in previously ungrafted vessels has decreased from 62% in Group 1 to 23% in Group 4, a decline attributed to more complete revascularization initially. The frequency of three-vessel disease, stenosis of the left main coronary artery, and left ventricular impairment continues to rise in candidates for reoperation. Yet, operative mortality has declined from 5% to 2%, and most other forms of perioperative morbidity have decreased significantly when the early years are compared with the later experience. The number of grafts per patient has increased from 1.4 to 2.3, and complete revascularization in reoperations has increased from 65% to 76%. After a mean of 29 months, graft patency was 81% overall in 154 patients restudied after reoperation. Patency was similar for grafts to arteries previously involved with graft failure and to arteries not previously grafted. Five-year actuarial survival for patients in the first three cohorts (mean, 57 months) was 89%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arteriosclerosis↗