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Biomedical subjects

D M Davies

Publications and source records attributed to D M Davies.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Factors affecting warfarin requirements. A prospective population study.

In 228 ambulatory patients receiving treatment with warfarin, there was a progressive decline in the dose required to produce an equivalent degree of anticoagulant control with increasing age from the third decade onwards. However, the relationship between age and dose was significant only in patients receiving warfarin after episodes of venous thromboembolism or because of coronary artery disease. Patient weight was also related to warfarin requirements, although it was less important a determinant than age.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin at steady state.

1 The relationship between warfarin dose, total and free plasma warfarin concentration, and anticoagulant effect was examined at several steady-state levels in fifteen patients during withdrawal of warfarin therapy. 2 Total plasma clearance was significantly correlated with the free fraction in plasma (r=0.955). 3 There was an age related decline in the dose of warfarin, and in the total and free plasma warfarin concentrations required to produce the same anticoagulant effect. However, neither total nor free plasma warfarin clearances varied with age. 4 Individual patients' log concentration-effect relationships were linear above a prothrombin ratio of 1.2 and there was a significant correlation (r=-0.586) between the slope and the free fraction of warfarin in plasma. It is suggested that plasma protein binding may reflect the interaction between warfarin and its effector site in the hepatocyte.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1979

Gas gangrene as a complication of burns.

Gas gangrene infection in burnt patients is a rare but often fatal complication. It may however, be successfully treated by the use of hyperbaric oxygen and later judicious amputation of dead tissues. Five cases of bacteriologically proven gas gangrene, three of whom survived, occurred out of a total of one thousand and sixty-four burns patients treated since 1964 in the McIndoe Burns Unit, and these we describe.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Acute renal failure in burns.

We present the combined experience of a burns unit and a renal dialysis unit in treating acute renal failure in burn injury patients. A total of 28 cases have been treated of whom 4 regained normal renal function. We would like to emphasize the following points which may improve the usually very poor prognosis: early diagnosis, early daily haemodialysis, adequate feeding and the early amputation of non viable limbs. A search of the literature reveals that only 11 previously reported cases of burns injury patients being successfully dialysed for acute renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

A comparative study of methyldopa and labetalol in the treatment of hypertension.

1 Twenty patients with essential hypertension completed a double-blind, dose-tritrated, cross-over comparison of methyldopa and labetalol. 2 Average lying BPs (systolic/diastolic) were reduced by 28/15 mmHg with methyldopa and by 23/15 mmHg with labetalol. 3 Average standing BPs (systolic/diastolic) were reduced by 29/14 mmHg with methyldopa and by 29/15 mmHg with labetalol. 4 Both lying and standing heart rates were reduced with labetalol. 5 It is concluded that the antihypertensive properties of labetalol and methyldopa are similar but that larger patient populations are needed to study the relative incidence of subjective adverse effects.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1979

Carbon dioxide and vitamin D effects on calcium metabolism in nuclear submariners: a review.

Studies in nuclear submariners show that calcium excretion falls rapidly to 50% of pre-patrol levels during long patrols and remains low for many weeks after return to fresh air. This has previously been attributed to a specific effect of continuous exposure to the inevitably raised ambient CO2 levels, but other environmental factors cannot be ignored, in particular isolation from sunlight, which leads to reduced skin synthesis of vitamin D. The role of vitamin D is examined with reference to measured mean circulating blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D at the beginning and end of a submarine patrol and in human exposure chamber investigations. It is concluded that although CO2 exposure has specific effects on calcium metabolism, causing a considerable reduction in urinary calcium excretion, a state of hypovitaminosis C occurs in long submarine patrols that has effects outweighing those of CO2 toward the end of patrols and afterward. The significance of this effect to submariners' health is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Mean steady-state plasma concentrations of labetalol in patients undergoing antihypertensive therapy.

1 Mean steady-state plasma concentrations of labetalol (labetalol Css) in 17 hypertensive patients undergoing chronic treatment with this drug, have been examined in relation to dose, fall in BP, and beta-blockade. 2 A significant relationship (rs = 0.81, P less than 0.001) was observed between labetalol Css and daily dose. 3 No correlation was found between labetalol Css and antihypertensive response. 4 In thirteen patients, there seemed to be significant relationship between labetalol Css and beta-blockade (rs = 0.72, P less than 0.005). In three patients, the degree of beta-blockade was disproportionate to the drug concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Labetalol, a cross-over double blind controlled trial.

20 patients (12 female) with moderately severe essential hypertension [blood pressure during placebo treatment 181 +/- 6 (systolic), 107 +/- 3 (diastolic)] completed a double-blind, cross-over dose-titrated comparison of labetalol and methyldopa. Both drugs reduced lying and standing arterial blood pressure to a similar extent, although only labetalol reduced heart rate. Compliance was high (greater than 95%) with both drugs, and the incidence of subjective adverse effects was similar.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1978

Intramuscular or intravenous glucagon for sulphonylurea hypoglycaemia?

Because of the differing opinions on the value of glucagon and the best way of administering it in severe hypoglycaemia induced by sulphonylurea drugs, experiments were conducted on normal subjects, and in diabetic patients before and during treatment with chlorpropamide. In all subjects glucagon raised blood sugar concentrations, and produced a greater and more prolonged increase in blood glucose concentrations when given intramuscularly than when given intravenously. Hypoglycaemia did not occur in any subject.

Adult↗