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Biomedical subjects

D M Doleys

Publications and source records attributed to D M Doleys.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
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Pain management programs in hand therapy: a literature review and appraisal.

This article analyzes literature on pain management programs in hand therapy. Philosophical and practical issues that may influence the approach to pain are reviewed. Possible explanations for the relative lack of interdisciplinary/comprehensive approaches to pain are put forth. Conditions under which more comprehensive treatment should be considered are discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
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Ethnic differences in pain tolerance: clinical implications in a chronic pain population.

OBJECTIVE: Although numerous studies have independently examined ethnic differences in clinical and experimental pain, few have investigated differences in both sensitivity to controlled noxious stimuli and clinical pain reports in the same sample. The present experiment examined the effects of ethnicity (African American vs. white) on experimental pain tolerance and adjustment to chronic pain. METHODS: Three hundred thirty-seven (68 African American and 269 white) patients with chronic pain referred to a multidisciplinary treatment center participated in the study. In addition to completing a number of standardized questionnaires assessing adjustment to chronic pain, participants underwent a submaximal effort tourniquet procedure. This experimental pain procedure yields a measure of tolerance for a controlled noxious stimulus (ie, arm ischemia). RESULTS: African American subjects reported higher levels of clinical pain as well as greater pain-related disability than white participants. In addition, substantial group differences were observed for ischemic pain tolerance, with African Americans demonstrating less tolerance than whites. Correlational analyses revealed a small but significant inverse relationship between ischemic pain tolerance and the reported severity of chronic pain. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively these findings support previous research revealing ethnic differences in responses to both clinical and experimental pain. Moreover, the present results suggest that enhanced sensitivity to noxious stimuli on the part of African Americans may be associated with ethnic differences in reported clinical pain, although the magnitude of ethnic differences was much greater for ischemic pain tolerance than for clinical pain measures.

Adult↗
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The effects of social punishment on noncompliance: a comparison with timeout and positive practice.

The effects of social punishment, positive practice, and timeout on the noncompliant behavior of four mentally retarded children were assessed in a multitreatment withdrawal design. When programmed, the experimental procedure occurred contigent on non-compliance to experimenter-issued commands. Commands were given at 55-sec intervals throughout each experimental session. The results showed (1) lower levels of noncompliance with social punishment than with the positive-practice or timeout conditions, and (2) that relatively few applications of social punishment were required to obtain this effect. The advantages of social punishment over other punishment procedures, considerations to be made before using it, and the various aspects of the procedure that contribute to its effectiveness were discussed.

Behavior Therapy↗