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Biomedical subjects

D M Garner

Publications and source records attributed to D M Garner.

59 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Body image disturbances in anorexia nervosa and obesity.

Measures were made of body image and personality features in patients with anorexia nervosa and obesity. It was hypothesized that obese and anorexic patients would display similar body image disturbances characterized by relative overestimation of body size in comparison with control subjects. Body image was measured by both a distorting photograph technique (a general measure) and a visual size estimation apparatus (for specific body regions). Personality features were assessed by the Eysenck Personality Inventory and a modified version of Rotter's Locus of Control Scale. Results indicated that both obese (N=16) and anorexic (N=18) subjects significantly differed from three control groups (P less than 0.01) in body size estimation on a general measure of body image. A measure of specific body regions did not differentiate between groups. For anorexic and obese patients, body size estimates were significantly correlated with personality features.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison between weight-preoccupied women and anorexia nervosa.

Psychological traits of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) were compared to those of weight-preoccupied (WP) and not-weight-preoccupied ( NWP ) women drawn from samples of college and ballet students. Weight-preoccupied subjects were selected on the basis of extreme scores on the Drive for Thinness subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory ( EDI ). Results indicated that the WP and AN groups were best differentiated by Ineffectiveness, Interpersonal Distrust, and lack of Interoceptive Awareness subscales. Using cluster analysis procedures, weight preoccupied women were divided into two subgroups. Cluster One was characterized by elevated scores on all EDI subscales indicating significant psychopathology. Cluster Two had elevated scores only on Drive for Thinness, Body Dissatisfaction, and Perfectionism and could be described as "normal dieters." These findings were interpreted as indicating that, although there are some highly weight-preoccupied females who display psychopathology quite similar to anorexia nervosa, others only superficially resemble patients suffering from serious eating disorders. These results underscore the importance of a multidimensional evaluation of psychopathology in those suspected of anorexia nervosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term follow-up of anorexia nervosa.

This study compared the long-term outcome of restricting and bulimic anorexic women using standardized psychometric instruments in addition to global clinical ratings. Results indicated that, in general, restricting and bulimic anorexic subtypes did not differ in their long-term outcome according to clinical ratings and standardized assessments of anorexic symptoms, psychiatric diagnoses, and psychosocial functioning. The only exception to this pattern was that the bulimic group had a higher incidence of substance use disorders during the last year compared with the restricting group. Findings also indicated that relative to a matched comparison group of women of average weight, a significant percentage of anorexics from both subtypes met DSM-III criteria for an affective or anxiety disorder at some point in their lives as well as at long-term follow-up. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical and methodologic issues involved in the long-term follow-up of anorexia nervosa.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personality differences between hypertensive and normotensive individuals: influence of knowledge of hypertension status.

Personality characteristics such as anxiety and anger have long been associated with essential hypertension, but the results of past studies have often been confounded by inadequate diagnosis of hypertension, antihypertensive medications, and use of unvalidated measures of personality. Moreover, little attention has been given to the importance of differential exposure to medical attention and labeling as determinants of personality. To overcome these shortcomings, personality characteristics were measured by self-report using validated questionnaires in untreated male and female hypertensives who were either aware (n = 80) or unaware (n = 82) of their hypertension at the time of assessment. Hypertension diagnosis was based upon repeated blood pressure measurements over 5 months. Hypertensives were compared to age-, sex-, ethnicity-, and occupation-matched normotensives. Results indicated that aware hypertensives scored significantly higher than normotensives and unaware hypertensives on neuroticism, trait and state anxiety, and self-reported Type A behavior. They also scored higher than normotensives on state anger, and there was a similar trend for anger suppression. There were no differences between unaware hypertensives and normotensives. The findings suggest that these personality factors are not a fundamental characteristic of hypertension but reflect the influence of exposure to medical attention or knowledge of hypertension status.

Adult↗