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Biomedical subjects

D M Goldenberg

Publications and source records attributed to D M Goldenberg.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Lymphoscintigraphy with radionuclide-labeled antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen.

Upper- and lower-extremity lymphoscintigraphy was performed on 50 patients with proven carcinoma of the breast, gastrointestinal system, genitourinary tract, lung, and vulva; 42 patients had 131I-antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and 8 patients had 131I-normal goat immunoglobulin G. All metastases in the axillary or inguinal lymph nodes were detected with the CEA antibodies. In nine patients without metastases, radioactivity was observed in inguinal or axillary nodes. It is postulated that the nodal sequestration of antibody in the absence of metastatic carcinoma is due to captured CEA in lymph nodes draining the tumor site. This study has demonstrated the high sensitivity for detecting nodal metastases by labeled antibodies to CEA draining from primary or recurrent tumors.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1980

Radiolabeling of affinity-purified goat anti-carcinoembryonic antigen immunoglobulin G with technetium-99m.

Affinity-purified goat anti-carcinoembryonic antigen immunoglobulin G was labeled with 99mTc, utilizing stannous tartrate as the reducing agent. The radiochemical yield of labeled antibody ranged from 18 to 37% and was inversely proportional to the initial quantity of pertechnetate ion used. Yields up to 60% could be obtained using small amounts of pertechnetate. The 99mTc-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen immunoglobulin G preparations had a specific activity range of 1 to 6 microCi/microgram protein and had 60% or greater immunoreactivity. Human serum albumin and goat immunoglobulin G were used as model systems to evaluate labeling parameters and analytical methods.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1980

Imaging approach in radioimmunodetection.

External in vivo imaging of tumors with radioactively labeled antibodies to tumor-associated antigens requires processing to remove interfering nontarget radioactivity. Processing entails the use of simulated nontarget compounds labeled with a radionuclide physically different from that on the antibody and substraction of the simulated nontarget activity from the nontargeted antibody. A 2-fold increase of the target to nontarget radioactivity is achieved that has made possible a greater than 70% tumor detection rate.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1980

Radioimmunodetection of primary and metastatic ovarian cancer using radiolabeled antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen.

131I-labeled goat immunoglobulin G (IgG) prepared against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was administered at an average dose of 1.0 mCi (180 to 250 microgram IgG protein) to patients with ovarian tumors in order to evaluate this method of tumor detection and localization, termed the radioimmunodetection of cancer. All primary cancers in 13 patients could be localized, whereas the metastases in six of nine cases could be imaged by external scintigraphy. However, only two of these cases showed metastatic spread by more conventional diagnostic techniques, including computer-assisted tomography, ultrasonography, and angiography. Successful tumor radiolocalization appeared to depend on tumor size, with lesions smaller than 2 cm in diameter not being detected. Tumors containing a CEA concentration above 115 ng/g, including a benign neoplasm, could be localized with radioactive anti-CEA antibodies. Administration of radioiodinated normal goat IgG to four patients with malignant or benign ovarian tumors failed to show tumor radioimmunodetection. One of these cases subsequently demonstrated a 4- x 4-cm tumor after receiving specific radiolabeled anti-CEA IgG. This study shows that ovarian neoplasms containing CEA can be detected and localized by external photoscanning after the application of radioiodinated antibodies to CEA and that, in this small series of patients, primary and secondary tumors could be detected in 100 and 67% of the cases, respectively.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Alteration in tryptic peptide patterns of ferritins purified from human colon carcinoma.

Ferritin from malignant tissue differs electrophoretically from normal ferritin. The molecular basis of this difference has not yet been defined. Malignant tissue contains a mixture of ferritins from normal cells, inflammatory cells as well as cancer cells. GW-39 is a pure colon carcinoma cell system that synthesizes human carcinoembryonic antigen. Therefore, ferritin was isolated from normal colon mucosa and colon cancer tissues, as well as from the colon carcinoma cell line, to clarify the molecular relationship between normal and malignant ferritins. Colon carcinoma ferritin differs in primary structure from normal colon mucosal ferritin and contains at least six additional different tryptic peptides. These six peptides were also found in the ferritin from the colon carcinoma cell line. These data suggest that the alteration in ferritin structure occurs at the cellular level and is associated with the malignant state.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Carcinoembryonic antigen in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. 2. Tissue localization and correlation with plasma antigen concentration.

Immunoperoxidase staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed on the tumors of 241 patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Positive tissue staining indicative of a CEA concentration of at least 3 microgram/gm was present in 154 tumors (63%) as opposed to 0 of 30 specimens of normal cervix (p less than .001). Plasma CEA values were obtained at the time of tissue staining on all patients. Plasma CEA concentration was related more directly to total tumor burden (tumor CEA content x extent of disease) than to tumor CEA concentration alone. Progressively rising plasma CEA levels predicted recurrent disease in over 80% of patients whose tumors stained positively for CEA. In contrast, serial plasma CEA values correlated positively with clinical disease status in only 28% of patients whose tumors were devoid of CEA. Immunoperoxidase staining of tissue specimens identifies those patients whose tumors contain high levels of CEA and who therefore should benefit most from subsequent plasma antigen determinations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Axillary lymphoscintigraphy by radioimmunodetection of carcinoembryonic antigen in breast cancer.

In seven women with carcinoma of the breast I-131-labeled antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were administered subcutaneously in the finger webs. Subsequent scintigraphic immages demonstrated localization of radioactivity in the ipsilateral axillary metastases of all patients and in the contralateral axillae of three. Fifteen patients with either gastrointestinal or genitourinary cancers were studied as controls; in 12 both the hands and feet were injected with antibodies to CEA and in the other three either the hands or feet. Radioactivity was observed in the inquinal nodes of four control patients with tumors below the diaphragm and in the axillary nodes of one patient with a tumor above the diaphragm. The concentration of antibody in lymph node metastases from breast carcinoma was 100% specific. In those lymph nodes that presumably contained no metastatic tumor but demonstrated localization of labeled antibody, retention of CEA in the nodes from tumor drainage is postulated as the receptor site for the antibody.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Use of radiolabeled antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen for the detection and localization of diverse cancers by external photoscanning.

To determine whether tumors containing carcinoembryonic antigen could be detected by administration of a radiolabeled, affinity-purified, goat lgG having 70 per cent immunoreactivity against carcinoembryonic antigen, 18 patients with a history of cancer of diverse histopathology received an average total dose of 1.0 mCi of 131l-labeled lgG. Total-body photoscans were performed with a gamma scintillation camera at various intervals after administration of the radioactive antibody. Ordinary photoscans proved difficult to interpret because of blood-pool background radioactivity, thus necessitating the computer subtraction of radioactive blood-pool agents from the antibody's 131l activity. Tumor location could be demonstrated at 48 hours after injection in almost all cases studied. The scans were negative in patients without demonstrable tumors or with tumors apparently devoid of carcinoembryonic antigen. Circulating antigen levels of up to 350 ng per milliliter did not prevent successful tumor imaging after injection of the radioantibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The clinical significance of carcinoembryonic antigen in the plasma and tumors of patients with gynecologic malignancies.

Carcinoembryonic antigen is elevated in the plasma of approximately 30% of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma, 50% of patients with ovarian carcinoma, and 60% of patients with cervical carcinoma. The incidence of elevated plasma CEA is directly related to stage of disease, and in ovarian cancer to cell type. Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic studies have indicated that CEA from ovarian and cervical cancers is similar to colonic cancer CEA. Tumor staining for CEA by the immunoperoxidase method (indicating a CEA concentration of greater than or equal to 3.0 microgram/g tissue) is positive in about one-half of the patients with elevated plasma CEA levels. However, there is no definite relationship between tumor and plasma antigen levels. Carcinoembryonic antigen levels charcteristically return to normal within 8 weeks following complete surgical removal of tumor. In contrast, antigenemia often persists up to 4 months following curative radiation therapy. A progressive rise in plasma CEA has preceded clinical diagnosis of recurrence in about half of the patients studied. Serial plasma CEA determinations in patients whose plasma or tumors initially contain elevated amounts of antigen provides information concerning the biologic behavior of malignancy which may be of clinical significance to the patient.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Immunoperoxidase detection of carcinoembryonic antigen: an overview.

The advent of immunoperoxidase histochemistry techniques has allowed the more convenient visualization by light microscopy of antigenic cellular constituents. Application of the unlabeled and labeled antibody enzyme methods to the localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in conventionally prepared tissue specimens has revealed the feasibility of using immunoperoxidase techniques in routine diagnostic pathology. The methods involved are well defined and once antibody specificity and antigen stability are determined, they are adaptable to the identification of other immunological markers that may appear in malignant tissue specimens.

Antibody Specificity↗