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Biomedical subjects

D M Hailey

Publications and source records attributed to D M Hailey.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Assessment of costs and benefits in the introduction of digital radiology systems.

A discussion is presented of cost and benefit considerations in establishing digital radiology systems and an approach to assessment of such factors. Costs of digital radiology systems need to be defined and compared appropriately. Assessments should consider capital and replacement costs, but also less tangible items such as effects on staff and training requirements, hospital infrastructure, productivity, file integrity and diagnostic accuracy. Benefits of digital radiology systems could be assessed using cost-benefit and social audit analysis techniques, yielding a matrix of monetary items and also summaries of non-monetary benefits. Such analysis would define the major participants in the digital radiology process and the nature of their interests and assess the costs and benefits impacting on each of them. Economic evaluation of digital radiology to date has focused on the cost side of the appraisal. Analyses of benefits of digital radiology systems have been limited and have given inconclusive results. There is a need for better definition of comparative costs and benefits to inform interested parties, including hospital staff and health policy makers. Such economic analysis is an important way of asking the right questions about resource usage and could usually be carried out in a pilot setting before there is wider diffusion of digital radiology systems.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1992

CT and MRI scanning. Specialised imaging techniques.

Advanced diagnostic imaging methods, while offering many benefits to patients, have caused concern because of the additive nature of the technologies and their costs. The authors outline the indications for the use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, discuss costs, availability and major indications for use, and recommend increased use of imaging algorithms in the selection of diagnostic tests.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1991

Cost considerations in the provision of magnetic resonance imaging services.

Data from the Australian MRI Assessment Program, which involved five public hospitals, are presented covering the second year of operation at each MRI unit when stable conditions of service provision had become established. The data relate to two 1.5T superconductive units, one 1.0T superconductive unit and two 0.3T resistive magnetic resonance imaging units. A review of the cost data suggests the need for the operation of expensive facilities for extended periods with careful patient selection in order to reduce the average cost per scan and to maximise the clinical benefit to patients. There were variations in the conditions of use of the equipment between the differing centres and there will be a need for a consensus on optimum levels of matters such as operating times and staffing levels. As the results from the MRI Assessment Program were obtained in a teaching hospital environment with a particular referral pattern, the benefits of the technology in other situations will need further consideration.

Australia↗
PubMed1991

Health technology assessment: an Australian perspective.

Like many other countries, Australia has placed increasing emphasis on the assessment of medical technologies over the past decade. This emphasis is shaped in part by financial constraints, and in part by the organization of the health care system and its dominance by publicly-funded hospitals. Two committees, the Superspecialty Services Subcommittee of the Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council, and the National Health Technology Advisory Panel have been particularly influential in developing guidelines for technology assessment. These guidelines emphasize not only the accumulation of primary data during the implementation of a new technology, but also a follow-up process for on-going evaluation of the contributions of a particular technology to clinical care. Presently the two committees are being merged into one agency named the Australian Health Technology Advisory Committee. This agency will be given enhanced authority to guide the diffusion and utilization of new technologies into the delivery process for health care.

Australia↗
PubMed1990

Developments in near-patient testing.

Important technologies for near-patient testing include 'desk-top' analysers, kits and systems for continuous monitoring, with the possibility of advances through approaches to genetic testing. Near-patient testing is now used in physicians' office, hospital ward, home care and population screening applications. Analytical performance achieved by operators in these settings may frequently cause concern and has led to increased support for accreditation and educational measures. While near-patient testing has much potential to contribute to health care, hard evidence of benefit is sparse, and the costs of such testing to health care systems may be substantial. The place of this technology still requires critical evaluation, in the context of system performance and relevance to health care.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of physicians' office pathology testing: organisational considerations.

In this paper we consider organizational and design aspects of an assessment of physicians' office pathology testing, and discuss difficulties in measuring the level of performance and effectiveness of such diagnostic services. A major consideration is the trade-off between compliance with a well-defined protocol, and use of the technology in a way which resembles normal operating practice.

Australia↗
PubMed1985

A comparative study of BP and USP rotating basket dissolution apparatus.

The difference between BP and USP rotating basket dissolution apparatus was investigated by applying both methods to a range of commercial formulations and the NCDA Performance Standard II. No significant differences were obtained between the two sets of apparatus for the commercial tablets. However appreciable difference was observed with the NCDA calibrator.

Pharmacopoeias as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Analysis of diethylstilbestrol and its impurities in tablets using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described which is capable of resolving cis- and trans-diethylstilbestrol (DES), DES mono- and dimethyl ethers and 4,4'-dihydroxystilbene. The mobile phase and internal standard used stabilise the cis-trans DES isomer ratio, and the method is capable of quantitating both isomers in dosage forms without derivatisation. Recovery of DES from tablets is quantitative. Results of tablet analyses using this method are compared with those obtained with the official spectrophotometric procedure.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1979

Plasma concentrations of medazepam and its metabolites after oral administration.

The plasma concentrations of medazepam and its metabolites, diazepam and desmethyldiazepam, were determined in volunteer subjects following the oral administration of medazepam 10 mg. The results indicated that medazepam was absorbed rapidly, that low concentrations of metabolites were present during the 1st h, and that the build-up in the circulation of the major metabolite, desmethyldiazepam, was prolonged and variable. As many of the clinical effects and possible adverse reactions of medazepam appear to be associated with the presence of this major metabolite, the metabolic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug should be considered when using medazepam as an anxiolytic before dentistry or surgery.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Plasma concentrations of benzodiazepines.

1. Twenty anxious patients were treated with medazepam, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, amylobarbitone and placebo, each given in flexible dosage for 2-4 weeks. 2. At the end of each treatment, a series of clinical, physiological and behavioural variables were measured and plasma samples were taken for estimation of the appropriate drug and metabolite concentrations. 3. Nordiazepam was shown to be an important metabolite of both medazepam and diazepam: the ratio of medazepam to noradiazepam was 0.14 and the ratio of diazepam to nordiazepam following diazepam administration was 0.72. 4. No significant correlations were found between the plasma concentrations of any of the treatments and the clinical ratings or behavioural measures. 5. Some relationship was shown between levels of medazepam and its physiological effects.

Amobarbital↗
PubMed1975

Biliary excretion of diazepam in man.

In a study of diazepam metabolism, diazepam 10 mg was administered i.m. to four patients who had biliary T-tube drainage. Blood and bile diazepam metabolite concentrations were measured for 12 hr. The expected fluctuations in blood diazepam concentrations were seen, and conjugated diazepam metabolites were present in human bile. Bile diazepam concentrations were insufficient to account for an enterohepatic circulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Continuous pethidine/diazepam infunsion during labour and its effects on the newborn.

This paper presents a study comparing the effects on the mother and baby of a continuous intravenous infusion of pethidine and diazepam and of intramuscular pethidine and promazine. It is concluded that the administration of intravenous pethidine and diazepam is safe in labour provided that diazepam has not been given during the previous week.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗