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Biomedical subjects

D M Ho

Publications and source records attributed to D M Ho.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Primary intracranial germ cell tumor. Pathologic study of 51 patients.

Fifty-one primary intracranial germ cell tumors (GCT), including germinoma, teratoma, endodermal sinus tumor, choriocarcinoma and mixed GCT, were studied. The incidence of GCT in the surgically removed intracranial neoplasms was 11.1% for pediatric patients and 0.6% for adult patients. The age/sex of the patients and the location of the tumors were analyzed. Morphologic findings of these tumors were identical to that of their gonadal counterparts. Immunohistochemical studies showed that alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) were helpful, whereas carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin (CKER) were of little help in determining the diagnosis. Serum tumor markers, alpha-AFP and HCG, were helpful in recognizing GCT producing them. However, they could not be used for specific diagnosis because different tumors could have similar serum levels. Histopathologic study was handicapped by the small size of most specimens (which usually could not include all of the components if the tumor was a mixed GCT), but it was the only means for specific diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Prolactin-containing pituitary adenomas. Their characteristics and comparative study with non-prolactin adenomas.

Immunohistochemical study of 130 pituitary adenomas shows that 31% are prolactin-containing adenomas, two-thirds of which are monohormonal adenomas, i.e. prolactin cell adenoma, and one-third are multihormonal adenomas, i.e. mixed growth hormone cell-prolactin cell adenoma and plurihormonal adenoma with prolactin. Clinical symptoms including amenorrhea and galactorrhea are not useful in distinguishing prolactin from non-prolactin adenomas. Serum prolactin concentration of 80 ng/ml is a good cut-off point to distinguish prolactin cell adenoma from non-prolactin adenoma but can not separate many of the multihormonal adenomas from non-prolactin adenomas. Calcification is not only more commonly seen but also more prominent in prolactin-containing adenomas. Spheroid amyloid is present in one prolactin cell adenoma. Immunohistochemistry is specific and reliable in identifying prolactin-containing adenomas. All prolactin cell adenomas and 2/13 multihormonal adenomas show paranuclear staining of prolactin in almost every adenoma cell. The remaining (11/13) multihormonal adenomas show less prolactin cells and diffuse cytoplasmic staining of prolactin. The prolactin staining pattern in the latter group is unique and appears to be indicative of the presence of other hormone(s).

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Production and characterisation of a monoclonal antibody (Cx-99) against cervical carcinoma.

An IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MAb Cx-99) has been established which recognises a surface antigen on epithelial cells, but not on fibroblastic or hematopoietic cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed that this antigen was present in all 37 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) including 33 cervical SCC, and 30 of the 32 adenocarcinomas examined; most of the 33 cervical SCC were stained extensively. It was also detected in the culture medium of cervical cancer cell lines. In the normal cervix, this antigen was restricted to the undifferentiated basal cells. This observation suggests that the widespread expression of the antigen was triggered by oncogenesis. The MAb Cx-99 recognised an epitope on an asialyted glycoprotein which has an apparent molecular weight of 37 kilodaltons (kD) (and 2 minor proteins at 18 and 27 kD) and an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.3. It may have potential for studies on differentiation and oncogenesis and for diagnostic applications.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Successful treatment of congenital anaplastic astrocytoma by combining vinblastine, cisplatin and etoposide: a case report].

Congenital brain tumor is a rare disease in the neonatal period. According to the literatures, they comprise only about 1% of childhood brain tumors. Among the congenital brain tumors, 10%-25% are astrocytomas. Anaplastic astrocytoma is one of the malignant glioma. The prognosis is usually not good in the childhood or adult stage. We report one case of congenital anaplastic astrocytoma who received combination chemotherapy, including vinblastine, cisplatin and etoposide following subtotal resection of tumor. After chemotherapy, he got a favorable outcome. And now, he is still no evidence of tumor recurrence for two years.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Choroid plexus tumors in childhood. Histopathologic study and clinico-pathological correlation.

Choroid plexus tumors are rare and account for only 2.3% (8/352) of primary childhood intracranial neoplasms in our series. Most of our patients were under 2 years of age. The tumors had a predilection for the lateral ventricle. Calcification was found in half of these tumors, and ossification was seen in 1 case. Histological features of malignancy including invasion, loss of differentiation, and severe nuclear pleomorphism pointed to a poor prognosis. Such features were found in 2 cases. Neither a large number of mitoses nor necrosis was a constant feature in cases of malignancy. Transthyretin, a marker for choroid plexus tumors, was positive in all cases. However, negative S-100 or positive carcinoembryonic antigen was not necessarily associated with a more aggressive histological pattern. All the papillomas could be totally resected without recurrence, and all the patients with carcinoma died within a few months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Acrocallosal syndrome--an autopsy case report and literature review].

This is an autopsy report of a female neonate with acrocallosal syndrome, which shows developmental retardation, callosal dysgenesis and preaxial hemimelia of the upper limbs. Either dysgenesis or corpus callosum or congenital absence of radius is rare; their combination are even rarer and only eleven cases of acrocallosal syndrome have been reported in the English literature. Our case appears to be the first report in Taiwan. The family history and pregnant course were unremarkable except that her mother had taken Chinese herb medicine for common cold in the 4th pregnant month. Prenatal obstetric sonography showed "ventriculomegaly" at the 31st week. We reviewed the literature and discussed the incidence, embryology, pathogenesis, symptoms as well as etiology concerning this rare syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1990

Congenital cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor with astrocytic differentiation and extracranial metastases.

A cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor with astrocytic differentiation and extracranial metastases in a 28-day-old infant is reported. The infant presented with a progressively enlarged head, cutaneous lesions in the neck, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. A computed tomography brain scan demonstrated a giant thalamic tumor with subarachnoid dissemination and hydrocephalus. Biopsy material from the cervical lesions showed a picture of glioma with anaplastic astrocytes. The patient received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation and palliative chemotherapy, but died at 3 months of age. Autopsy was performed. Histological studies, which included immunohistochemical stains of the thalamic tumor, showed small, round, primitive, neoplastic cells with focal astrocytic differentiation.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1990

Silent corticotropic adenoma of pituitary gland--a case report.

A 79-year-old man complained progressive visual impairment and Diplopia for 2 weeks. A big pituitary tumor was found and partially removed by the surgeon eventually. The tumor cells were chromophobic with H&E stain and exhibited focal positive staining with PAS. Immunoperoxidase method demonstrated moderate positivity for adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), while staining for growth hormone (G.H) and prolactin were negative. The patient was eucorticoid clinically and biochemically. Since silent corticotropic adenoma of the human pituitary gland is rarely encountered clinically, a review of the literature is included in this article.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1990

Coexisting hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism: two cases report.

To examine the biochemical changes in coexisting hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism, we have studied two female cases in our medical center. Both patients received biochemistry study, thyroid function test, thyroid autoantibody determination, parathyroid function tests and thyroid scan. They all had increased thyroid function. The concentration of parathyroid hormone was found to elevate in both cases. After thyroid function turned normal, hypercalcemia was still present. Both patients underwent neck operation. Parathyroid adenoma was found in both cases. The pictures of thyroid pathology showed diffuse hyperplasia in one case and lymphocytic thyroiditis in the other case.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

The effect of sexual activity on androgen metabolism, androgen-receptor translocation, and glandular weight of ventral prostates of rats.

The present study was conducted to determine whether sexual activity exerts an effect on the action of androgen in the rat prostate. Eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into two groups. Rats were grouped with female rats (sexualactive), or male (sexual-inactive) rats, and sacrificed 6 months later, The ventral prostates were dissected, homogenized and processed into cytosol and nuclei fractions. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were quantified by radioimmunoassay, and androgen receptor was determined by 'exchange assay' with radioactive methyltrienolone incubated for 18 h at 15 degrees C. The main result were: 1) The steroid levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in plasma and in the cytosolic fraction of prostate showed no significant difference between the two group of rats. 2) The prostatic nuclear dihydrotestosterone concentration of the sexual-active group (4.3 +/- 0.83 pmol/mg DNA, N = 6) was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than that of the sexual-inactive group (1.68 +/- 0.43, N = 6). 3) The androgen receptor was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in nuclear extract (0.64 +/- 0.11 pmol/mg DNA, N = 6) and significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in cytosol (53.4 +/- 5.7 fmol/mg protein, N = 6) of the sexual-active group than those of the sexual inactive group (0.42 +/- 0.13, N = 6 and 74.6 +/- 11.8, N = 6, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses (malignant melanoma of soft parts): report of 2 cases.

Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses (CCSTA, malignant melanoma of soft parts), first described by Enzinger in 1965, is a rare and slow-growing soft tissue tumor mainly affecting the extremities of young adults. The tumor is believed to be a tumor of melanocyte, although its histogenesis is not definitely established. Here we report 2 cases of CCSTA with typical clinical and pathological features. A tumor grew from the right ankle of a 32-year-old man (case 1) and from the left foot of an 18-year-old woman (case 2). The tumors were deep seated and intimately bound to tendons or aponeuroses without involvement of the overlying skin. Grossly, they were greyish white, variegated with brown or black patches. Histologically, the tumor cells were arranged in nests or fascicles and composed of fusiform or polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, they consisted of closely apposed cells with intracytoplasmic melanosomes. Case 1 was found to have distant metastases within 6 months and died 1 year later. Case 2 received postoperative radiotherapy and was free of recurrence or metastasis 14 months after operation. The treatment of CCSTA should include radical excision, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The prognosis is poor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Medullomyoblastoma: a case report.

Medullomyoblastoma is a rare childhood tumor of the central nervous system and there have been only seventeen cases reported in the English literature. A case of medullomyoblastoma arising from the cerebellar vermis was reported. Postmortem examination revealed diffuse leptomeningeal dissemination and supratentorial metastasis. In addition to classical histologic examination, the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features were studied. Besides skeletal muscle differentiation, neither neuronal nor astrocytic differentiation were identified. The myoblastic element was confirmed by the demonstration of thick and thin myofilaments and Z bands on electron microscopy and by positive immunostaining for myoglobin.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Leiomyosarcoma of uterus: a review of 14 cases.

A detailed clinicopathologic study of 14 patients with leiomyosarcoms of the uterus was made. Twelve of 14 patients were followed up for 2 or more years. The median age was 49, the youngest patient was 20, and the oldest was 68. The predominant symptoms were abnormal vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. The preoperative dilation and curettage established the correct diagnosis was 2 of 6 patients (33%). The predominant method of treatment was total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). Five patients had adjuvant chemotherapy, 4 had adjuvant radiotherapy, 2 patients had chemotherapy and radiotherapy for adjuvant treatment, and one had adjuvant hormonal therapy. The overall cumulative probability of survival rate at 5 years was 29.6%. The mitotic count, margin type, tumor size, and the presence of necrosis did not affect the prognosis. Favorable prognostic features are low pleomorphism, lower staging, and aggressive management.

Adult↗