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Biomedical subjects

D M Ingram

Publications and source records attributed to D M Ingram.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Relationship of fasting gastroduodenal motility to the sleep cycle.

The cyclical pattern of fasting gastroduodenal contractile activity, termed the "migrating myoelectric complex," was studied during sleep in 9 healthy human subjects over 41 nights. Power spectral analysis revealed that peaks in the region of 11-16 cycle/day were present for sleep stage changes, duodenal contractile activity, and body movements during sleep. Gastric contractile activity, however, peaked between 7 and 11 cycle/day. Average coherence values between sleep stage changes and duodenal contractile activity were significant (p less than 0.05) and indicated an interrelationship between these two patterns of activity. This was most clearly demonstrated at frequencies below 14 cycle/day. Average coherence values between body movements during sleep and duodenal contractile activity were also significant (p less than 0.05) at approximately 18 cycle/day. These results support the concept of an oscillator, external to the gut and possible central in location, that influences several functions including migrating myoelectric complex periodicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Postoperative gastric emptying.

Postoperative intolerance of oral fluids in common after abdominal surgery, and their premature administration may result in abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting. The ability of the stomach to empty 100 ml of water was investigated in patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy. Patients were studied preoperatively and on the first postoperative day using a radio-isotopic method of measurement of gastric emptying. Factors such as age, electrolyte disturbance, duration of operation and the many drugs used during the perioperative period were analysed in relation to postoperative gastric emptying rates. Postoperative gastric emptying showed wide variation, being normal in some patients but absent in others. No correlation was found between postoperative gastric emptying and age, plasma potassium and the duration of operation and anaesthetic. A significant correlation was found, however, between gastric emptying and drugs administered in the perioperative period. In particular, gastric emptying was grossly retarded following an injection of opiate, but this returned to normal if more than 5 h had elapsed since the last injection of opiate. It is suggested that opiate therapy is a major factor in a patient's inability to tolerate fluids following cholecystectomy.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1981

Effect of opiates on gastroduodenal motility following surgical operation.

Following surgical operations, opiate analgesics are widely used to control pain. This situation was used to investigate patterns of human gastroduodenal motility and the effect of opiate analgesics on this motility during the early postoperative period. Gastric contractions were absent for 6--12 hr following surgery in most patients, while there was no inhibition of duodenal contractions in any patient. Opiate administration had no effect on either the time of return of gastric contractions or on gastric motility once contractions had returned during the period of study. Duodenal contractility, however, was markedly increased by opiate administration (P less than 0.001) and took the form of frequent bursts of phase III activity of the interdigestive migrating complex (IDMC), but with a reduction in the proportion of phase II activity.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1981

Trends in diet and breast cancer mortality in England and Wales 1928-1977.

Trends in age-adjusted breast cancer mortality and consumption of meat, fat, sugar, cereal, and fruit and vegetables were studied for England and Wales over the 50-year period from 1928 to 1977. At the onset of World War II, there was a marked reduction in both breast cancer mortality and intake of sugar, meat and fat, and an increased consumption of cereals and vegetables. Consumption of these foodstuffs returned to pre-war levels by 1954, but breast cancer mortality did not return to pre-war levels until some 15 years later. The association between the various dietary components and subsequent breast cancer mortality was determined for various lag intervals. Significant correlations were found for cereal, fat, sugar and meat consumption, the correlation being maximal for a diet-breast cancer death lag interval of 12 years. These findings add weight to the hypothesis that breast cancer development is related to a diet rich in meat, fat and sugar, and that some protection against cancer may be afforded by a reduction in these dietary components and an increase in cereal consumption.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

The effect of dietary lactulose on experimental large bowel cancer.

The hypothesis that feeding of lactulose might reduce large bowel tumour development was tested in an animal model. One hundred rats were divided into groups fed either a standard rat diet with water 'ad libitum', or the same diet but with 3.3% lactulose added to the drinking water. Large bowel tumours were induced by weekly injections of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH). There was no significant difference between the number of tumours found in the standard diet or the lactulose-treated groups. This result does not seem to support the colonic flora - bile salt theory of large bowel carcinogenesis.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1980

Massive pancreatic serous effusions.

The condition of massive pancreatic serous effusion is being increasingly recognized as a specific complication of pancreatitis. It occurs as a result of leakage of pancreatic juice into the pleural or peritoneal cavity after disruption of the duct system. Five such cases are described. The difficulties in making the diagnosis are mainly due to the absence of symptoms of pancreatitis, and most patients present because of the effects of the effusion. Once suspected, the diagnosis is confirmed by the demonstration of a grossly elevated amylase level in the fluid. A rational surgical approach is usually successful, and depends on the demonstration of a leak from a pseudocyst or disruption of the pancreatic duct system.

Amylases↗
PubMed1979

Postoperative pancreatitis as a complication of biliary surgery.

Forty patients who underwent biliary surgery were investigated for postoperative pancreatic disturbance as measured by the amylase creatinine clearance ration (ACCR). Its relevance to preoperative pancreatitis, exploration of the common bile duct, and operative cholangiography were examined. The results suggested that a recent clinically proven episode of pancreatitis did not predispose to a postoperative recurrence following biliary surgery. Similarly, cholecystectomy alone did not produce a postoperative pancreatic disturbance. However, exploration of the common bile duct did frequently cause a postoperative elevated ACCR, and hence we recommend that duct exploration should be performed as carefully and as atraumatically as possible. The small number of patients who did not have operative cholangiograms prevented statistical evaluation of the effect of this procedure on the pancreas. However, information from elsewhere suggests that the plasma amylase level is not likely to be raised by cholangiography.

Amylases↗
PubMed1979

Mesenteric-cervical vascular anastomosis as an adjunct to oesophageal bypass surgery for carcinoma.

Dysphagia is the most disabling symptom for patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus. Bowel segment bypass surgery offers satisfactory relief, but is often complicated by anastomotic leakage with its associated high mortality. Poor vascular perfusion of the cervical end of a bypass segment is an important cause of breakdown and leakage. A technique of cervical-mesenteric vascular anastomosis to improve the blood supply of the bypass is described and a case is reported.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1978

Operative biopsy of the pancreas using the Trucut needle.

The results of 14 operative biopsies of the pancreas using the Trucut technique are presented. There was no significant complication attributable to the biopsy, and in all cases an adequate tissue specimen was obtained, facilitating either frozen or paraffin section histological diagnosis. One false negative result was obtained which was due to sampling error. This technique is recommended as a good alternative when operative pancreatic biopsy is required. It is technically simple, has an acceptably low sampling error, provides a good tissue specimen for histological examination, and has few complications.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mondor's disease of the breast resulting from jellyfish sting.

OBJECTIVE: To present two cases of Mondor's disease of the breast resulting from jellyfish stings in Western Australia. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 30-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a palpable thickened cord in her right breast. The straightness of the cord suggested a thrombosed lymphatic. A 50-year-old Caucasian woman presented with an obvious palpable cord extending most of the length of her left breast. Mammography demonstrated no abnormality. Both women reported having been stung by jellyfish a month earlier. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: As Mondor's disease is a benign, self-limiting disease, the patients were reassured and reviewed routinely. In each case, the condition settled spontaneously over a period of several weeks. CONCLUSION: Jellyfish stings should be recognised as an unusual variant of the numerous causes which have been described for Mondor's disease.

Adult↗