Physical attractiveness, locus of control, sex role, and conversational assertiveness.
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Assertiveness↗
Biomedical subjects
D M Kleim
Publications and source records attributed to D M Kleim.
Age differences in processing relevant versus irrelevant stimuli in multiple-item recognition learning.
Age differences in the processing of relevant stimuli were examined under two levels of irrelevant stimulation. The relevant stimuli were the right words of a multiple-item recognition learning task; the two levels of irrelevant stimulation were provided by the pairing of one wrong word (two-alternative items) versus three wrong words (four-alternative items) with each right word. Elderly subjects were inferior to young adults in the learning of four-alternative items, but not in the learning of two-alternative items. This finding supports the hypothesis, derived from previous research on perceptual tasks, that elderly adults direct greater amounts of attention to irrelevant stimuli than do young adults, thus reducing the amount of processing available for the accompanying relevant stimuli. However, despite their presumed greater attention to irrelevant stimuli, elderly subjects recognized fewer individual wrong words on a subsequent memory test than did young adults. This age-related effect was interpreted in terms of depth of processing theory.
Adult↗
Item recognition following a multiple-item study trial for young and middle-aged adults.
The presence study contrasted young and middle-aged subjects on two components of a recognition memory task (a modified verbal discrimination task) that differed in level of difficulty. No age decrement was found for the easier component requiring discriminability between the oldness and newness of items. In addition, age was not a factor in determining the effects of prior relevance or irrelevance of item information on old-new discriminability. An age decrement was found for the more difficult component requiring discriminability in terms of an old item's prior function in the study list. The decrement occurred for the identification of prior function of both right and wrong items.
Adult↗