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Biomedical subjects

D M Lambert

Publications and source records attributed to D M Lambert.

103 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Effect of propranolol on mortality in patients with angina.

Two hundred and seventeen patients from general practice suffering from angina pectoris were studied over a three year period; 91 patients had beta-blocker treatment, the other 126 did not. The two groups were comparable for age, sex, blood pressure and length of history of angina. The frequency of infarction and mortality from infarction in the two groups was compared. The annual infarct rate in the 126 patients not treated with beta-blockers is shown to be more than three times the rate in the 91 patients treated by beta-blockers. The annual death rate from myocardial infarction is almost four times greater in the group not treated by beta-blockers compared with the beta-blocked group. It is concluded that this provides further evidence that treatment which includes beta-blockade in patients suffering from ischamic heart disease reduces the risk of myocardial infarction and death.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1976

The incidence of myocardial infarction.

I studied 183 patients with myocardial infarction including sudden deaths related to ischaemic heart disease occurring in general practice during a period of four years.The figures are examined by age, sex, history of event, and place of treatment. The ratio of male to female infarctions was 2:1, males having a mean age of 63 years and females 71 years.The total death rate for all myocardial infarctions was 46 per cent, but if sudden deaths are excluded, the rate becomes 24 per cent.The annual incidence of myocardial infarction per 1,000 in the practice population of 11,195 was 4.1 and the total annual death rate per 1,000 was 1.9.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The chromosomes of four species of the nasuta complex of Drosophila. I. Chromosome maps and inversion polymorphism.

The salivary chromosomes of four species of the nasuta complex of Drosophila, D. sulfurigaster albostrigata, D, kohkoa, D. albomicans, and D. kepulauana were studied and chromosome maps of each species are presented; the maps of the latter three species are based on the map of D. sulfurigaster albostrigata. Three of the species D. sulfurigaster albostrigata, D. albomicans, and D. kohkoa were shown to be highly polymorphic for chromosomal inversions while the available evidence indicated that D. kepulauana is much less polymorphic. These facts are correlated with the geographic distribution of the species. Transitional homoselection has not been complete in the evolution of three of the species since D. sulfurigaster albostrigata, D. kohkoa, and D. albomicans have a number of naturally occurring polymorphisms in common.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulse oximetry: evaluation of accuracy during outpatient general anesthesia for oral surgery.

Pulse oximetry has been shown to be accurate under steady state conditions. In this study, the accuracy of four pulse oximeters are evaluated and compared during outpatient general anesthesia for third molar extractions. The oximeters evaluated are the Nellcor N-100, the Ohmeda 3700, the Novametrix model 500, and the Bird 4400 portable pulse oximeter.Ultralight general anesthesia for oral surgery presents a unique challenge for respiratory monitoring in that patients are often not intubated and commonly experience periods of hyper- and hypoventilation. Airway obstruction, apnea, and laryngospasm may occur easily and patients often vocalize and move during surgery. Because hypoxemia is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality during anesthesia, an accurate, continuous, and noninvasive monitor of oxygenation is critical to risk management.Twenty ASA class I and II patients underwent outpatient general anesthesia for third molar removal using nitrous oxide-oxygen, midazolam, fentanyl, and methohexital. Arterial blood samples were obtained at five-minute intervals during anesthesia, as well as any time a desaturation of >5% occurred, for measurement of arterial SaO(2) with an IL282 CO-Oximeter. These values were compared with simultaneously recorded saturations observed for each pulse oximeter. A total of 122 arterial samples were obtained over a range of PaO(2) from 52-323 mm Hg and observed saturations of 70-100%.The Bird 4400 portable pulse oximeter proved to be the most accurate and reliably predicted arterial saturation under these conditions (y = 1.03x - 2.8, r = 0.85). The Novametrix model 500 pulse oximeter also demonstrated a high degree of accuracy by linear regression analysis, but displayed the lowest correlation coefficient (spread of data points) overall (y = 0.97x + 2.8, r = 0.80.) The Nellcor N-100 pulse oximeter also proved to be highly accurate. (y = 1.05x - 4.1, r = 0.84.) In contrast, regression analysis of the observed saturations obtained with the Ohmeda 3700 pulse oximeter revealed that this unit significantly underestimated arterial saturation (y = 1.20x - 19.6, r = 0.83.)This study demonstrates that despite the rigorous conditions imposed by outpatient general anesthesia for oral surgery, three of the pulse oximeters tested were linearly accurate in predicting arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation over the range of 70-100%. The Ohmeda 3700 was found to significantly underestimate arterial saturation.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Simple derivatives of amino acid neurotransmitters. Anticonvulsant evaluation of derived amides, carbamates and esters of glycine and beta-alanine].

With GABA, glycine and beta-alanine are inhibitory amino acids. They act mainly in the spinal cord and in the brain stem via the strychnine sensitive glycine receptor. Glycine exhibits also a key rule in the excitatory neurotransmission in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex. These two hydrophilic molecules suffer from the lack of small neutral amino acid carriers at the luminal side of the blood-brain barrier. The purpose of this study is to design molecular entities able, by an enhanced lipophilicity, to increase the pharmacological properties of these amino acids. From the synthesis and from the anticonvulsant evaluation in the maximal electroshock seizure test, we can underline: 1) In the case of a monosubstitution, a N-substitution is more important than amidation or esterification of the carboxylate. 2) Specially in the case of N-substitution, carbamates derivatives are the most active compounds compared to the correspondent amides. N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine is really attractive. The pharmacological properties, the tentative schedule of the mode of action are presented too.

Amides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rational conception, synthesis and evaluation of phenytoinergic potential anticonvulsants. A series ofretrobenzamides: N-(nitrophenyl) benzamides and N-(aminophenyl) benzamides].

Retrobenzamides [N-(nitrophenyl) benzamides and N-(aminophenyl)benzamides] were developed in the perpective of a design for phenytoinergic agents. Anticonvulsant and neurotoxic properties of these compounds were evaluated in mice and rats in two seizure models (maximal electroshock-induced seizures [MES] and seizures induced by subcutaneous administration of pentylenetetrazole [scPtz]) and in the rotorod test. Data obtained were compared with those recorded on carbamazepine and phenytoin (antiepileptic drugs widely utilized in human clinics), ameltolide (anticonvulsant compound recently developed by Eli Lilly in human clinical trials) and other compounds previously reported by our research group. Studies on retrobenzamides in mice administered by intraperitoneal route point out a good anticonvulsant potential in the MES test for the amino derivatives (N-(aminophenyl)benzamides) and moderate activity in the case of the corresponding "nitro" derivatives. In rats dosed orally, aminoretrobenzamides were less active in the MES test than in mice dosed intraperitoneally.

Animals↗