Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D M Lindsay.
[reaction: see text]. Functionalized arylmagnesium halides, prepared via an iodine-magnesium exchange, undergo a smooth cross-coupling reaction with functionalized primary alkyl iodides and benzylic bromides in the presence of CuCN.2LiCl, either in stoichiometric (with trimethyl phosphite as an additive) or catalytic quantities.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to determine whether elite male golfers with chronic low back pain (CLBP) exhibit different abdominal muscle activity patterns during the golf swing than asymptomatic control (AC) golfers and 2) to determine whether elite male golfers with CLBP experience greater fatigue in the abdominal muscles than AC golfers after a typical practice session. METHODS: Surface EMG data were collected bilaterally from the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and internal oblique (IO) muscles. Muscle activity during the golf swing was measured using the root mean square (RMS) of the EMG signal in various phases of the golf swing. Fatigue was assessed using the median frequency (MF) and RMS of the EMG signal during a 10-s submaximal isometric contraction. Low back pain was quantified with the McGill Pain Questionnaire before and after the practice session. RESULTS: No differences in the RMS of abdominal muscle activity were noted during the golf swing between AC and CLBP subjects. However, EO (lead) onset times were significantly delayed with respect to the start of the backswing in CLBP subjects. Low back pain in CLBP golfers increased significantly after the practice session. Abdominal muscle fatigue, as measured with MF or RMS, was not evident after the practice session for either AC or CLBP subjects. CONCLUSION: Abdominal muscle activity and muscle fatigue characteristics were quite similar between AC and CLBP subjects after repetitive golf swings. Despite this, it was clear that repetitive golf swings were aggravating some part of the musculoskeletal system in CLBP subjects, which resulted in increased pain in the low back area.
Participation in the sport of golf has risen considerably, particularly amongst senior players whose age is categorised as 50 years or more. However, golf presents both potential health benefits and risks for this older group of players. The health risks are compounded by the fact that the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems of senior players may not be as efficient at withstanding the strains and stress of this type of repetitive exercise. It was the purpose of this review paper to investigate the age-related health issues facing senior golfers and to discuss appropriate intervention strategies to help minimise these detrimental effects. The literature search identified only a minimal amount of epidemiological information pertaining specifically to the older golfer. A number of case reports were found which described a variety of musculoskeletal and cardiovascular incidents involving senior players. There was evidence from the literature that many of the age-related changes affecting older players' risk profiles were preventable or treatable through exercise. It was the conclusion of the authors of this review that conditioning programmes were highly recommended for all older players irrespective of their level of participation. Not only could the programmes prevent injury, they also had the potential to improve performance. Such programmes should incorporate flexibility, strength, endurance, speed and balance exercises specifically tailored to the demands of golf in order to be effective. Exercise equipment did not need to be elaborate and home-based programmes incorporating bodyweight, weighted clubs or elastic tubing resistance could be utilised. Future research needs to focus more specifically on injury incidence and mechanisms amongst groups of senior golfers whose participation rates vary. Randomised controlled trials are also recommended to investigate the efficacy of specific golf-related exercise regimens in this segment of the older population.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. OBJECTIVE: To review the effectiveness of a home-based rehabilitation program in the treatment of iliopsoas syndrome. BACKGROUND: Conservative management strategies for iliopsoas bursitis (syndrome) have not been well documented in the literature. This study relates the outcome of an exercise program (hip rotation exercises and stretching) to address clinical deficiencies observed in iliopsoas syndrome. METHODS AND MEASURES: A retrospective chart review and phone follow-up were done to determine pain and activity limitation for 9 patients (mean age, 35.6 +/- 12.7 years; 8 women, 1 man) before and after application of the rehabilitation program. As a group, symptoms of iliopsoas syndrome were present for a mean of 12.6 (+/- 18.4) months prior to diagnosis and rehabilitation. Activity restrictions related to presenting symptoms were measured using a 4-point ordinal scale (from a score of 1 [pain and unable to do sport] to a score of 4 [pain-free, full activity]). RESULTS: Pain and function improvement occurred in 7 of 9 (77%) patients. Five patients improved by at least 2 pain/activity levels at the time of follow-up (13.2 +/- 9.8 months following diagnosis); all but 2 patients were able to return to full activity. CONCLUSIONS: This study gives preliminary evidence that a specific exercise regimen incorporating hip rotation might improve function and reduce pain for patients with iliopsoas syndrome.
This review examines the diagnosis and management of iliopsoas bursitis and/or tendinitis. It is a relatively uncommon and unrecognised cause of anterior hip pain and anterior snapping hip. In view of its pathology, iliopsoas bursitis might be better referred to as iliopsoas syndrome. It can usually be diagnosed by history and physical examination, though real time ultrasound may be useful in confirming the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance and computerised tomography imaging have limited roles in its diagnosis, but may identify other pathology or surgical lesions. Nonoperative management has not been well established. Surgical management does not guarantee treatment success. There is a need for further research into both diagnostic and treatment options for those patients with iliopsoas bursitis/tendinitis.
Electrotherapy is a common treatment intervention administered by physiotherapists. Owing to a lack of scientific reporting of modality usage, particularly within Canada, it was the purpose of this study to survey all private practitioners registered within the Province of Alberta. A total of 208 clinicians representing 41% of the population sample, responded to the survey. Results indicated hot packs followed by ultrasound, ice, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and interferential were the most frequently used modalities. With the exception of ultrasound, these findings differed considerably from previous reports of modality usage. Statistical comparisons, using Fisher's exact test of independence, revealed frequent use of TENS was greater amongst older clinicians and clinic owners (p < 0.05) while male therapists used biofeedback more often than female colleagues (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between therapists trained at the University of Alberta and those educated elsewhere. Peer influence within the geographically and politically defined sample population may explain the relatively few between-group differences. Future research should target additional population samples plus continue to monitor trends within previously studied groups.
While the incidence of injury in cross-country skiing remains relatively low, overuse problems affecting the lumbosacral region may be on the rise, particularly among elite athletes. In this study, a certified "Part A" (Canadian Physiotherapy Association) manual therapist performed lumbosacral physical assessments on 18 elite cross-country skiers and 15 normal subjects. Results indicated sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction occurred significantly more often in the skier population (p < 0.007). Incidences of SI joint asymmetry and lumbar spine dysfunction did not differ between groups. The predominant use of asymmetrical ski-skating techniques may play an influential role in the pathogenesis of SI joint dysfunction in elite cross-country skiers.