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Biomedical subjects

D M Mumford

Publications and source records attributed to D M Mumford.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Legal issues associated with sexual activity between adults and minors in Texas: a review.

Recent research on adolescent mothers and the age of their sexual partners has stimulated discussion of whether legal action should be taken against adult men who engage in sexual intercourse with minors. A nonrandom poll that started as casual questions but extended over 6 months to 52 doctors initiated this review. It became apparent that the primary care physicians (pediatrics, family medicine, and internal medicine) had little, if any, understanding of some key legal facts in Texas associated with adolescent sexuality and pregnancy, especially when adult partners are involved. This article provides a legislative overview for practitioners in an attempt to clarify the law, remediate any deficiency of knowledge, and remind physicians of their role in reporting sexual abuse of minors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A comparison between a 1986 and 1989 cohort of inner-city adolescent females on knowledge, beliefs, and risk factors for AIDS.

In order to assess changes from 1986 to 1989 in knowledge, beliefs, and risk factors for AIDS, the responses of inner-city adolescent girls were compared. Although 63% of the 1989 cohort received AIDS education in school, the base knowledge of the two cohorts was not markedly different. Between 1986 and 1989, the number of sexual partners increased for adolescents of all ethnic groups, yet concerns about AIDS showed a decline. Those adolescents who had the highest number of sexual partners were also those who had the most knowledge and most concerns about AIDS. Implications for preventive education focus on ethnic diversity and gaps between adolescent knowledge and behavior.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

A curriculum for adolescent mothers: an evaluation.

One hundred and four indigent, pregnant adolescents were selected to evaluate the effect of a prenatal education curriculum presented in a maternity clinic. Adolescent mothers were visited 6 months postpartum to test which short-term, intermediate, and long-term curriculum content items were accurately and effectively retained. Success of the curriculum was evaluated by a trained social worker in the girls' home to ascertain how these content areas were reflected in the adolescent mother's behavior. Short-term matter-child health-care compliance content showed a high degree of success. Intermediate child-rearing content techniques often did not lead to appropriate behavior six months after the baby was born. Long-term educational and vocational performance content did not demonstrate effective long-term retention. Technical aspects of child-rearing, even when deliberately presented by health educators, did not appear to be easily applied in the extended family setting, and long-term goals seemed inconsistent with the adolescent's behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Chronic immune stimulation by sperm alloantigens. Support for the hypothesis that spermatozoa induce immune dysregulation in homosexual males.

Putative, sperm-induced allogeneic immunization was correlated with immune dysregulation in a study of 30 asymptomatic, monogamously paired homosexual males. Evidence for allogeneic immunization existed among 19 of 26 homosexual males who were anal sperm recipients. No evidence for any form of alloimmunization was found in four exclusive sperm donors. Immune dysregulation in the form of a reduced effector/suppressor T-cell ratio (Te/Ts less than 1.0) was exclusively documented in eight anal-sperm-recipient homosexual males, five of whom also manifested evidence for allogeneic immunization. In three of those, immune dysregulation was further manifested by functional T-cell deficiency in the form of a subnormal (less than 50 cu mm) local graft-v-host reaction. Similar evidence for alloimmunization was associated with a reduced Te/Ts ratio (0.85) in the female of a heterosexual couple who routinely practiced anal intercourse. Based on these findings, we suggest that chronic, repeated exposure to sperm during anal intercourse results in a high frequency of allogeneic immunization and may play an important role in the development of acquired immune dysregulation among homosexual males.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

The long-term effects of human sexuality training programs for public school teachers.

The current study evaluated long-term effects of a training model in human sexuality on public school teachers' knowledge and attitudes. The data indicated that, although significant changes were found from the pretest to posttest assessment of knowledge and attitudes on two standardized measures, attitudinal changes for teachers could not be maintained over time. In addition, knowledge decreased with most drastic changes occurring in the educator who, while trained, did not teach the material in a classroom setting. The results of this model staff development program suggest factors that may alter sex education training effects for professionals who work in public school settings.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Selected family planning and general health profiles in a teen health clinic.

To assess client utilization trends, selected characteristics including some aspects of family planning behavior of adolescent families were examined during the first two years of a Teen Health Clinic's operation. The majority of the girls attending the clinic were 16 years and under, nulliparous, and still living with one or more of their parents. While birth control services were the primary motivation for attendance, 25% of the girls came for a general health examination, information or counseling. Potentially significant problems, including venereal diseases, were found in 20% of the patients. Reproductive health trends and their implication for improving health care delivery and family planning for teenagers are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Social and affective factors associated with adolescent pregnancy.

Perceptions associated with pregnancy, including life-expectations, desire for pregnancy and knowledge of the menstrual cycle were assessed in a sample of urban adolescents 13 to 18 years old. Data was obtained from 104 primiparous teens in their second and third trimester of pregnancy. The majority of adolescents, although experiencing an unplanned pregnancy, perceived minimal negative social consequences associated with the pregnancy. Although more than 82% of all teens were aware of where to get birth control, they demonstrated no deep understanding of the menstrual cycle and its relationship to intercourse and only 11% used effective contraception. Of the birth control non-users 74% of the girls reported they did not want to get pregnant. In spite of unprotected coitus, most girls were surprised at conception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Immunity and male infertility.

This article has attempted to review evidence which suggests that immune factors may be operative in a small but significant number of infertile men. Although our current understanding of the possible processes by which autosensitization to previously sequestered reproductive antigens occurs is incomplete, there are laboratory assays presently available that indicate, but do not prove, that immune factors may be contributing to the infertile state. Continued research is needed to develop new assays and materials (especially purified sperm antigens) which might enhance our knowledge of the underlying immunoreproductive changes. Until these are available the outline below might be considered when investigating a patient with infertility of suspected immune origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The lymphocyte transformation response of fetal hemolymphatic tissue to mitogens and antigens.

Lymphocyte transformation responses to three different mitogens (phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and concanavalin A (Con A)) as well as four antigens (streptolysin O (SLO), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), streptokinase-streptodornase (SKSD) and tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD)) were studied ontogenetically in 30 human fetuses ranging in gestational age from 6-19 weeks. In most organs lymphocyte responsiveness to Con A in human fetuses seemingly develops in concert with responsiveness to PHA and PWM. One 19 week fetus had an apparent antigen specific response to SLO with stimulation of cord blood and bone marrow lymphocytes. The same fetus also had mitogen responsiveness in bone marrow.

Antigens↗
PubMed1978

Immunology and male infertility.

This article has attempted to review evidence that suggests that immune factors may be operative in a small but significant number of infertile men. Although our current understanding of the possible processes by which autosensitization to previously sequestered reproductive antigens occurs is incomplete, there are laboratory assays presently available that give an indication, but do not prove, that immune factors may be contributing to the infertile state. Continued research is needed to develop new assays and more purified sperm antigens, which might enhance our knowledge of the underlying immunoreproductive changes. Until these are available, the following procedures should be considered when investigating a patient with infertility of suspected immune origin. The patient's history should be taken, and a physical examination should be performed. A complete blood count, urinalysis, and complete semen analysis and culture should be taken. Next, in vivo cervical tests (Sims-Huhner) are performed, followed by sperm antibody assessment (serum, semen) and perhaps in vitro cervical mucus sperm assays (especially the crossed hostility test). After the tests have been completed, the following possibe treatments exist: 1. Treatment of underlying infections 2. Correction of obstructions 3. Corticosteroid (or testosterone?) therapy 4. Washed sperm insemination 5. First portion of fresh ejaculate insemination 6. Artificial insemination with homologous donor 7. Adoption.

Agglutination Tests↗