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Biomedical subjects

D M O'Day

Publications and source records attributed to D M O'Day.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ocular pharmacokinetics of saperconazole in rabbits. A potential agent against keratomycoses.

The ocular pharmacokinetics of saperconazole, an experimental lipophilic triazole with activity against filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus and Candida species, were evaluated in rabbits by radioassay. The drug was administered by topical, subconjunctival, and oral routes. Following a single 20-microL drop of 0.25% saperconazole in normal corneas, a mean (+/- SEM) peak level of 2.32 +/- 0.06 micrograms/g was achieved in 10 minutes. In débrided corneas, a peak level of 13.09 +/- 2.87 micrograms/g was achieved in 2 minutes. The drug was rapidly cleared from the cornea within 2 hours. The administration of 13 drops during 1 hour resulted in a threefold increase in normal corneal levels and in a sixfold increase in débrided cornea levels. Peak levels following subconjunctival injection in normal corneas (12.91 +/- 2.02 micrograms/g) were approximately twofold greater than those following sustained topical administration (6.19 +/- 0.16 micrograms/g) and, in débrided corneas, were a third higher than those following topical therapy in débrided corneas. Clearance was virtually complete by 8 hours. Levels following oral administration were low and probably subtherapeutic in all ocular tissues that were evaluated. Bioassay studies revealed that 44.17% of the drug in the cornea following topical administration was bioactive.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

The evaluation of therapeutic responses in experimental keratomycosis.

Two different measures of response to therapy were evaluated in a model of keratitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in Dutch-belted rabbits. Combined pre and post-inoculation treatment with oral fluconazole 37.5 mg/kg bid or itraconazole 40 mg/kg bid was compared to post-inoculation treatment only and untreated controls using a standardized clinical disease severity score and quantitative isolate recovery techniques. For both drugs, there was no difference in isolate recovery rates among all three groups. However, a significant improvement in clinical disease was noted in the pre and post-inoculation treatment group compared to controls (p less than .01) and to the post-inoculation group (p less than .05) for fluconazole. A similar trend, though not statistically significant, was apparent with itraconazole treatment. This disparity highlights the difficulties associated with measuring responses to therapy in keratomycosis and emphasizes the need for more sensitive and specific measures.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Influence of corticosteroid on experimentally induced keratomycosis.

To assess the effect of corticosteroid on the establishment of experimentally induced keratomycoses, rabbits were injected subconjunctivally with triamcinolone acetonide on two successive days before inoculation with Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, or Fusarium solanae. Whereas isolate recovery rates declined steadily in normal control corneas, they remained stable over 15 days in corticosteroid-treated corneas. Clinically, inflammation was equivalent (A fumigatus and F solanae) or significantly less (C albicans; P = .001) until the 10th day. At 15 days, inflammation in corticosteroid-treated corneas was significantly worse in animals infected with A fumigatus (P = .003) or F solanae (P = .02). Inflammatory signs correlated inconsistently with isolate recovery. Pathogenicity of the infecting organism appears to be important in determining the degree to which corticosteroid is able to mask clinical signs of infection while enhancing fungal replication.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Posterior chamber intraocular lenses after extracapsular cataract extraction in patients with aniridia.

Visual rehabilitation of patients with aniridia and progressive cataract is a challenging clinical problem. Reduced corneal transparency, limitations of iris support, and decreased zonular integrity may make extracapsular cataract surgery difficult. Four patients with familial aniridia had substantial visual improvement after successful extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with implantation of capsular-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC IOLs). In one patient, it was combined with trabeculectomy to treat chronic open-angle glaucoma. Posterior chamber IOLs can be safely implanted in the aniridic eye normalities in the anterior segment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An evaluation of intrastromal injection of antifungal agents.

The effect of the intrastromal injection of a mixture of amphotericin B, miconazole, natamycin, and nystatin and the component agents alone was studied in Dutch-belted rabbits by standard bioassay. Twenty-four hours following injection, the inhibiting effect of the mixture was equivalent to that of nystatin alone. All other agents exhibited inferior activity. The intrastromal injection of this mixture appears to offer no therapeutic advantage.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1991

Anterior segment ischemia in chronic herpes simplex keratouveitis.

Six patients with chronic herpes simplex keratouveitis developed a rapidly progressive ocular inflammation unresponsive to corticosteroid and antiviral therapy. Severe secondary glaucoma unresponsive to maximum medical therapy ensued and was treated by cyclocryotherapy in five patients. Ocular ischemia with secondary corneal and scleral calcification subsequently developed in all six patients. All had also received prolonged topical therapy with topical antiviral agents, corticosteroids, beta adrenergic blockers and epinephrine compounds. Three eyes eventually required enucleation for the relief of pain; one stabilized, and two others became phthisical. One of the phthisical eyes developed a secondary fungal endophthalmitis. Histopathologic examination of the three enucleated globes revealed extensive corneal, scleral and conjunctival calcification, secondary angle closure, iris and ciliary body necrosis, focal choroiditis, retinal necrosis and atrophy. The syndrome recognized in these patients appears to be a rare but devastating complication of herpes simplex keratouveitis, possibly exacerbated by the application of cyclocryotherapy and other factors.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. An ophthalmic appearance.

Fullness developed in the left side of a 5-month-old male infant's face in the region of the zygoma. An incisional biopsy specimen showed the mass to be a melanotic neuroectodermal tumor, and radical excision was performed. There has been no recurrence of the tumor one year later. Tumors of this type occur in the face, particularly in the maxilla, and have only rarely been reported around the orbit.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Laboratory isolation techniques in human and experimental fungal infections.

In laboratory experience with a heterogenous group of 26 human ocular fungal isolates, brain-heart infusion broth proved to be the most useful medium for isolation. Although Candida and Fusarium species grew out within four days of inoculation, one fourth of the cultures did not become positive until 14 to 19 days had elapsed. In an animal model of endophthalmitis due to F. solani infection, brain-heart infusion broth again was the most useful. The highly nutritious media used for fungal isolation are prone to contamination by organisms that are difficult to distinguish from true pathogens. Sham culture studies demonstrated that this contamination can easily occur during the process of sampling the lesion and inoculating the media.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Mycotic endophthalmitis in drug abusers.

We diagnosed mycotic endophthalmitis by positive cultures in a 47-year-old man and a 42-year-old woman, both intravenous amphetamine users. Reinfection with a different fungal species was documented in one case. Rapid identification of the isolate, in vitro susceptibilities, selection of appropriate routes and dosages of antifungals, and the role of adjunctive corticosteroids are crucial factors in the management of these difficult cases. We prescribed antifungals and adjunctive corticosteroids, and our patients' vision improved.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Interaction of topical and oral timolol in glaucoma.

The interaction of oral and topical timolol maleate was studied in patients with open-angle glaucoma. The oral and topical preparations given separately produced a significant and comparable reduction of the intraocular pressure, but no additive effect was observed when both preparations were given together. Pulse- and blood pressure-lowering effects of oral timolol were not enhanced by the application of topical timolol. These systemic effects were not found in those patients using topical timolol alone.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

An animal model of Fusarium solani endophthalmitis.

Infection with Fusarium solani was established by injecting spores into the anterior chambers of outbred Wistar rats. The disease produced was remarkably similar to that reported in man and progressed to a fulminating endophthalmitis. Attenuation of the disease could be accomplished by repeated animal passage of the isolate.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Structural alteration and destructive corneal disease.

There is good evidence that maintenance of the structural integrity of the human cornea carries with it significant advantages over and above the preservation of normal function. The breakdown in the protective layers of the cornea and invasion by blood vessels and lymphatics would seem to add greatly to the risk of recurrent inflammatory disease. There is a solid rationale, therefore, for the development of therapeutic principles aimed at preventing these structural changes from occurring.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Vidarabine therapy of complicated herpes simplex keratitis.

Patients with active herpetic epithelial keratitis who had toxic reactions or were resistant to idoxuridine received vidarabine. Only one of 35 cases of herpetic epithelial keratitis without stromal disease failed to heal. Of 21 patients with active epithelial keratitis complicating stromal keratitis or uveitis. 11 had complete reepithelialization by day 14. Two patients were removed from the trial as treatment failures. The remaining cases healed in 21 to 48 days. In most instances the stromal keratitis was inactivated when the epithelial ulcer healed. In our patients treated with vidarabine, healing of herpes simplex epithelial ulcers was biphasic: Stage 1, progression from an active to an inactive viral ulcer, and Stage 2, complete reepithelialization.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗