D M Prieto | PubMed Health

PubMed1997

Peripapillary staphyloma.

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of peripapillary staphyloma. METHOD: Case report. A 5-month-old infant was examined for esotropia associated with a retinal and optic nerve abnormality of the left eye. RESULTS: Detailed clinical examination along with diagnostic ultrasonography and electroretinography established a diagnosis of a peripapillary staphyloma of the left eye measuring 9.77 mm in depth. The patient's right eye was entirely normal, and she showed no systemic abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Although extremely rare, the peripapillary staphyloma may cause severe visual impairment of the affected eye in an otherwise healthy individual unassociated with systemic abnormalities.

Electroretinography↗

PubMed1995

A pen-and-paper human analogue of a monkey prefrontal cortex activation task: spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia.

In order to pursue the hypothesis that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is a source of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia, we developed an easily administered pen-and-paper human analogue of a visuospatial working memory task that in non-human primates activates the neurons of Walker area 46 (Goldman-Rakic, 1987). Compared to normal controls, schizophrenic patients made significantly greater errors in identifying where a visuospatial stimulus had been presented to them 30 and 60 seconds earlier, and these differences were significantly greater than in an immediate recall condition. These data suggest that schizophrenic patients have visuospatial working memory deficits that are sensitive to pen-and-paper versions of the tasks that activate the Walker area 46 in non-human primates. The availability of an easily administered test that may be associated with the functioning of the prefrontal cortex may enable more specific assessment of this brain region in humans.

Adolescent↗