Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D M Rao.
Successive petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Chukrasia tabularis leaves were tested for their phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antifungal activity. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were found to be most effective against most of the tested organisms.
In this study, we have examined whether tumor grade and morphometric nuclear features can predict the outcome of treatment by orchiectomy in patients with stage D2 prostate cancer. Two outcome groups based on duration of survival postorchiectomy were examined, a bad outcome group of 63 patients who died from prostate cancer within 12 months and a good outcome group of 34 patients who survived beyond 5 years. Tumors were histologically classified as well (17%), moderate (17%), or poorly differentiated (66%). Tumor grade and patient outcome were significantly associated (Mann-Whitney test; P < 0.005), with 76% of poorly differentiated tumors in the bad outcome group, and 65% of well-differentiated tumors in the good outcome group. Using discriminant function analysis, tumor grade correctly predicted outcome in 70% of cases. A statistically significant difference was also detected in nuclear shape values between the two outcome groups (P < 0.05) and histological grades (P < 0.05). Using discriminant function analysis, 51% of cases were correctly classified into outcome groups using nuclear shape factors, a figure which rose to 65% when all nuclear morphometric features were used. This demonstrates that nuclear morphometric features are of no clinical value in predicting the outcome of treatment in stage D2 disease. Furthermore, these evaluations cannot select patients who might be spared orchiectomy on the basis of a predicted poor response. However, nuclear shape and variance measurements of benign glandular epithelial cells within cancerous prostates were significantly different from those of malignant cells (P < 0.005). We conclude that, while video image analysis of prostatic nuclear shape can reliably discriminate between benign and malignant cells, nuclear morphometric features are of minimal prognostic value in men with stage D2 prostate cancer treated by androgen ablation.
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This study was designed to compare the prognostic potential of tumor grade and ploidy status in patients with stage D2 prostate cancer. Two outcome groups were selected on the basis of survival after orchiectomy: a bad outcome group consisting of 66 patients who died of the disease within 12 months and a good outcome group comprising 37 patients who survived beyond 5 years. Tumors were classified histologically as well (17%), moderately (17%) or poorly (66%) differentiated. Tumor grade was a significant predictor of outcome, with 76% of poorly differentiated tumors in the bad outcome group and 65% of well differentiated tumors in the good outcome group (p less than 0.005). Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy analysis was performed on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded samples of the primary tumor to yield 97 final tracings that were classified using set criteria for DNA ploidy status. Over-all, 54% of the tumors were nondiploid (33% aneuploid and 21% tetraploid) and the remaining 46% were diploid. DNA ploidy status was a significant indicator of outcome (p less than 0.001), with 64% of diploid tumors in the good outcome group and 88% of the nondiploid tumors in the poor outcome group. Tetraploid tumors behaved no differently from other nondiploid tumors. We conclude that DNA ploidy status and tumor grading are significant independent predictors of outcome after orchiectomy and when combined yield important additional prognostic information.
After the resection of a localized lung carcinoma, a 65-year-old veteran developed jejunal perforation and pneumonia, both of which subsequently were shown to be caused by infection with Strongyloides stercoralis. The patient recovered after jejunal resection and treatment with thiabendazole. Several unusual aspects of the case are discussed.
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A new solvent system 1% and 2% acetone in hexane, was developed for chromatography on partially inactivated Florisil to facilitate the separation of isomers of endosulfan and its metabolites from fish tissues under tropical conditions. By using the colorimetric method of Maitlen et al. (1963), the minimum detectable limit for each isomer of endosulfan in various fish tissues is 5 micro g. With this solvent system, the 2 isomers present in the technical material can be separated, so their toxicity to fish can be assessed separately.
The relative toxicity of endosulfan, its isomers, and formulated products to the freshwater fish Labeo rohita was tested. The 96-h LC50 values showed that toxicity decreased in the following order: isomer A, 35% emulsifiable concentrate, technical endosulfan, 4% dust, and isomer B. The principal method of detoxification was by formation of endosulfan ether in the liver, Endosulfant, at both sublethal and lethal doses, enhanced oxygen consumption in L. rohita. Histological studies showed minor changes in the liver only.
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Reports of Melon et al. [7] and Hodgkinson [4] regarding the efficacy of succinic acid or its derivative (salt) in reducing the endogenous synthesis of oxalate are conflicting. The possible application of succinic acid as a potential inhibitor of oxalate synthesis, and the biochemical alterations resulting therein, has been studied in 10 idiopathic stone-forming patients (6 primary stone-formers and 4 recurrent stone-formers) and in 21 normal adult rats. In rats no significant changes in oxalate excretion were observed during the 4 weeks of succinic acid administration (500 mg/100 g BW/day) and 2 weeks therafter. In the clinical trial of 3 months, where stone-formers were given 20 g/day of succinic acid, the post-therapy values of urinary oxalate excretion showed a singificant drop ( less than 0.001) as compared with those of pretherapy--recurrent stone-formers showing a more marked decrease (63%) than primary stone-formers (49%).
Chromosome studies were conducted on 117 men with primary infertility (54 with oligospermia and 63 with azoospermia) and 25 fertile volunteers who acted as controls. No chromosomal abnormalities were observed except for nine cases of Klinefelter's syndrome. From this study, it is apparent that chromosomal abnormalities other than Klinefelter's syndrome are not etiologic factors in the infertility of oligo- or azoospermic men.
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