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Biomedical subjects

D M Roxe

Publications and source records attributed to D M Roxe.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Hemodialysis vs. peritoneal dialysis: results of a 3-year prospective controlled study.

A prospective comparison of peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis was undertaken to identify advantages and disadvantages of either treatment relative to the other. Hematologic, biochemical, lipid, and neurobehavioral parameters were followed. Careful controls were imposed to assure that the treatment groups were comparable. Patients on peritoneal dialysis proved to have more normal concentrations of BUN, hemoglobin, potassium, bicarbonate, and high-density lipoproteins. Hemodialysis patients had more normal concentrations of albumin, total protein, and calcium. Hypertriglyceridemia was only minimally greater in peritoneal patients. Neurobehavioral results documented multiple abnormalities in both. The profile of results obtained provides preliminary criteria for selecting either form of dialysis for a particular patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Rationale and application of beta-2-microglobulin measurements to detect acute transplant rejection.

Serum and urinary concentrations of beta 2-microglobulin were measured for the first 21 days after renal transplantation to aid in diagnosis of acute rejection. Criteria developed after study of 15 patients were applied to the entire group of 31 consecutive cases. 29 instances meeting our criteria were identified in 651 days at risk and were associated with a mean maximal increase of serum creatinine of 74.8%. beta 2-Microglobulin methods may make possible detection of what is now subclinical rejection. beta 2-Microglobulin methods, however, are an adjunct to, not a replacement for classical methods for detecting acute rejection.

Beta-Globulins↗
PubMed1980

Toxic nephropathy from diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Review and commentary.

Drugs commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes may cause toxic nephropathy. There are several factors that account for renal susceptibility. Precise mechanisms of toxicity are generally not known, and therapy depends upon recognizing and removing the offending agent. Drugs that affect identifiable segments of the nephron or that produce similar syndromes are grouped together. Measures that might prevent toxicity are presented.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1979

Severe hypernatremia caused by age, isolation, and obstructive uropathy.

Although this is an extremely interesting case report from a medical viewpoint, inasmuch as it presents an unusual cause of hypernatremia, it is probably even more important because of its sociologic implications. The basic underlying causes are common in the aged, and as the number of senior and ultimately senior senior citizens increases, a repetition of the events enumerated here can be predicted in increasing numbers of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

The regulations of renal ammoniagenesis in the rat by extracellular factors. I. The combined effects of acidosis and physiologic fuels.

Substrate oxidation by rat kidney slices regulates renal ammoniagenesis from glutamine. At concentrations close to those expected in plasma, lactate alone, or combined with other renal fuels, inhibits ammoniagenesis markedly; glucose and citrate decrease ammoniagenesis slightly. However, lactate, citrate, and glucose inhibit ammoniagenesis of kidney slices from acidotic rats less than ammoniagenesis of kidney slices from control rats. Lesser inhibition of ammoniagenesis is seen also when acidotic slices rather than control slices are incubated in the presence of all the tested substrates combined in the same medium. In addition to decreasing the ammoniagenesis of renal slices from control rats, the presence of lactate causes an augmented accumulation of glutamate. In contrast, adding lactate to acidotic slices does not increase glutamate accumulation nearly as much. When glutamate is substituted for glutamine in the medium, lactate still decreases ammonia production, but to a lesser extent with acidotic slices. Changes in medium pH from 7.0 to 7.8 have no, or only small, overall effects on net renal slice ammonia production from glutamine under any of the circumstances tested. We conclude that lactate alone and combined with other substrates decreases ammoniagenesis primarily at the glutamate dehydrogenase step and that slices from acidotic rats are relatively resistant to substrate mediated inhibition.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1976

Complications of peritoneal dialysis.

Peritoneal dialysis is an easily available therapeutic procedure. The complications noted in 490 dialyses over a six-year period in a university hospital have been reviewed. Seventeen major and 624 minor complications occurred. Only four deaths could be attributed to the procedure itself. Peritoneal dialysis is an effective procedure but one with a significant incidence of complications, though few of these are associated with mortality or morbidity for the patient. Various safeguards against these are discussed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗