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D M Shlian

Publications and source records attributed to D M Shlian.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Major expansions of select CD8+ subsets in acute Epstein-Barr virus infection: comparison with chronic human immunodeficiency virus disease.

CD8+ lymphocyte phenotypes were characterized during acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and a comparison was made to previous studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This was of interest because CD8+ cells contribute to immunologic control of both infections, but the usual outcome of EBV infection is benign, whereas untreated HIV infection is fatal. During acute EBV infection, CD8+ cells expressed elevated levels of the activation antigens CD38 and HLA-DR, similar to that during chronic HIV infection. Within 16 weeks, when EBV latency is established, CD8+ cell activation had resolved. In contrast, activation persists in HIV infection. Expression of CD38 and HLA-DR on CD8+ cells could be a marker for ongoing viral replication in both infections. Other CD8+ cell alterations observed in this study of acute EBV infection included increases in both CD62L- and CD62L+ CD8+ cells and unique kinetics in the expansion of the CD57+CD8+ cell subset.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
PubMed1991

Cost-effectiveness evaluation of measles immunization strategies on a college campus.

Since live rubeola vaccine became available in 1963, routine immunization of children at age 15 months has been the recommended strategy for eliminating measles in the United States. However, due to increasing measles outbreaks, especially among previously immunized populations, the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) recently recommended modifying the one-dose measles vaccination policy to a two-dose schedule, one at 15 months and one at age 5 or 6 years. To address the present college population, ACIP recommended vaccinating all college students who lack proof of immunity. We used the methods of decision analysis to examine the cost effectiveness of implementing such a program in a specific college population, namely, students at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). We developed a model to examine three possible vaccination strategies: "wait," "screen," and "vaccinate all." Estimates of probabilities and cost were derived from several outbreaks at UCLA as well as statewide data. In the baseline case, the least expensive strategy is to wait until an outbreak occurs before implementing a vaccination program. The additional cost incurred by screening per measles case avoided is $122,871. However, using sensitivity analysis, we found that the overall cost of elective vaccination strategies is driven by the cost of the vaccine itself. If vaccine could be provided at a nominal cost to the university, a strategy of vaccinating all students without proof of immunity (by either history of two vaccinations or positive titer) would provide the high level of immunity needed to prevent outbreaks and still be most cost effective ($16,644 per measles case avoided).

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1986

More on BHT toxicity.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Butylated Hydroxytoluene↗
PubMed1978

Screening and immunization of rubella-susceptible women. Experience in a large, prepaid medical group.

Four hundred and fifty childbearing-aged women were screened for rubella hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody after a clinical history of susceptibility was obtained. One hundred and forty-nine (33%) were found to be susceptible (titers less than 1:8), pointing out the need for a move active immunization program for susceptible young women and for routine vaccination of children. Clinical history correlated poorly with the level of HI antibody. One hundred percent of the patients were vaccinated and protective antibody titres developed in 97%. Since titers are higher after infection than after vaccination, periodic reevaluation of the vaccinated group may be indicated if immunity is to be ensured.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The challenge for women physician executives.

After half a century of constituting 5 percent of the physician population, women will soon make up more than one-third of U.S. physicians. Women now practice in virtually every specialty. This enormous change has created both opportunities and tensions. Within the broader context of the changing role of women in U.S. society, women physicians are exploring new career paths--paths that are both similar to and different from those of their male colleagues. A future challenge for women physicians will be achieving significant representation in the medical management ranks.

Career Mobility↗