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Biomedical subjects

D M Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to D M Taylor.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Dimethyl ethanolamine-induced asthma.

Progressively severe sneezing, rhinorrhea, cough, wheezing, and dyspnea developed in a spray-painter, apparently in relation to exposure to a particular spray paint. A monitoring of exposure at work revealed the development of symptoms and a decrease in peak flow rates. Subsequent challenges in the laboratory performed under conditions resembling occupational exposure resulted in dual asthmatic responses on exposure to the whole paint (98 per cent methyl methacrylate emulsion and 2 per cent dimethyl ethanolamine solution) and to dimethyl ethanolamine solution (2 per cent) alone. Water, methyl methacrylate emulsion, and 1,4 dioxane (0.6 per cent) used as a thinner in the dimethyl ethanolamine did not produce a response in the airways. Allergy skin tests with dimethyl ethanolamine and a mixture of dimethyl ethanolamine and human serum albumin were negative. To our knowledge, this is the first report of asthma and/or rhinitis induced specifically by dimethyl ethanolamine. The mechanism of the specific reactivity is not known.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Keratoplasty and intraocular lenses: follow-up study.

In an effort of explore new approaches with the possibility of improving on existing methods of managing problem cases with combined corneal disease and cataracts, 35 patients were treated by keratoplasty, cataract extraction, and intraocular lens implantation in various combinations or by cataract extraction and lens implantation without keratoplasty over the past two years. Twenty-four of twenty-six grafts have remained clear over a 3- to 21-month period of observation. The two failures have been successfully regrafted. Eleven patients received a penetrating keratoplasty, cataract extraction and intraocular lens with ten remaining clear. Eight patients with corneal disease and aphakia received a penetrating graft and intraocular lens with all grafts remaining clear. Seven patients with a clear graft received a subsequent cataract extraction and lens implantation with six remaining clear. Nine patients with endothelial dystrophy and cataracts were not affected by cataract extraction and lens implantation. The relatively high success rate, rapid visual rehabilitation, and reduction in the incidence of vitreous loss, vitrectomy, and delayed vitreous complications via the methods employed have, to date, proven encouraging. Caution is advised until data from a larger case series and long-term follow-up become available. Short-term success is directly related to technique. To achieve immediate success, the need for considerable experience in keratoplasty and lens implantation can not be overemphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The concentration of 67Ga and 45Ca in the lactating mammary gland and its relevance to the tumor uptake of 67Ga citrate.

67Ga is known to concentrate in the breasts of pregnant and postpartum women, and a case is now described in which 67Ga uptake was seen in the breasts of a woman who was neither pregnant nor postpartum, but was receiving chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Comparative studies of the uptake of 67Ga and 45Ca in lactating dogs have shown that both nuclides are secreted in the milk in similar amounts and in protein-bound form. The concentration of 67Ga in mammary tissue is about one-half of that found in the milk at 5 hr postinjection but, by 48 hr, the concentrations are approximately equal. There were similarities in the subcellular distributions of 67Ga and 45Ca in the lactating mammary gland at 5 and 48 hr. Although there was a correlation between 67Ga and 45Ca in individual pieces of a lactating mammary gland at 5 hr after injection, no such correlation was seen between the two nuclides in multiple samples of a transmissible venereal tumor measured at various time intervals. The rate of dispersion of 67Ga and 45Ca from the lactating mammary gland was similar but, in the tumor, 67Ga was present in very much greater amounts than 45Ca and was retained longer. It is concluded that, although there may be similarities in the metabolic pathways of gallium and calcium in the lactating mammary gland, there is no similarity in the mechanism of uptake of these two elements into tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Some studies on the distribution and effects of cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) in normal and neoplastic tissue.

The gross uptake and intracellula distribution of 32P-cyclophosphamide has been studied in normal and neoplastic rat and mouse tissues. Prolonged alkylation of DNA and RNA occurs over periods of 24 hours in the mouse and 48 hours in the rat, and it is suggested that this may involve slow release of active metabolites from a drug-macromolecule complex. The survival of cells in pulmonary and sc tumors after cyclophosphamide treatment has been studied in situ using a biochemical assay, and the influence of environmental factors at the tumor site has been assessed. The pattern of drug distribution has been studied in large sc tumors, and in one tumor line the drug concentration achieved has been related to estimated cell survival.

Alkylation↗
PubMed1976

Keratoplasty and intraocular lenses.

The art and science of intraocular lens implantation surgery is expanding. Highly successful results with elderly uncomplicated cataract patients have led to cautious implantation surgery in patients with co-existing eye disease. The results of implantation surgery achieved in sixteen patients with combined corneal disease and cataract formation are analyzed. In twelve patients penetrating keratoplasy was performed prior to cataract removal and implantation surgery, performed simultaneous with or in combination with secondary implantation in previously aphakic eyes. Vitrectomy was avoided in all primary lens insertion procedures but was necessary in two secondary implantations without ontoward effect. In this entire group of twelve patients all grafts have remained clear, there was minimal tissue reaction and visual return was excellent. In those with pre-existing corneal disease not requiring keratoplasty including one instance of Fuch's Corneal Dystrophy, there was no change in corneal status as a result of implantation surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The use of laminar flow for obtaining germ-free mice.

Hysterectomy in a laminar-flow cabinet affords greater economy of time and effort in obtaining germ-free mice than other methods. No contamination has occurred during the surgical procedure or in the subsequent transfer of the neonates into germ-free isolators.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

A clinical comparison of the tumour-imaging radiopharmaceuticals 67Gallium-citrate and 111Indium-labelled bleomycin.

Two tumour-imaging agents, 67Gallium-citrate and 111Indium-bleomycin have been assessed in a clinical trial. Both the quality of tumour image and correlation with known sites of disease has been compared by scanning with the two agents in a variety of malignant diseases. In addition, comparative uptakes of the agents have been measured in biopsy samples. In 28 scanning examinations using the agents sequentially, 67Gallium-citrate provided a more satisfactory tumour image and had closer clinical correlation with known sites of disease in 14 cases. Scans were felt to be of similar quality in 14 cases. There were no examples where 111Indium-bleomycin scans were found to be superior to 67Gallium-citrate. A number of biopsy samples of spleen, liver and lymph nodes were obtained from patients undergoing staging laparotomies for lymphomas in whom small doses of 67Gallium-citrate and 111Indium-bleomycin had been injected shortly before operation. Seven of the spleen samples were infiltrated with tumour and five of these contained less 67Ga than 111In; in contrast four of the five tumour-infiltrated lymph nodes showed 67Ga concentrations greater than those of 111In. It is concluded that 67Gallium-citrate is a more useful tumour-imaging agent than 111Indium-bleomycin, at least for lesions situated above the diaphragm. The value of 111Indium-bleomycin in the demonstration of abdominal malignancies has not been fully assessed in this study. Trials of new tumour imaging agents should as far as possible be compared directly with the best available alternative agent in a controlled study.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Uptake of 67Ga in the regenerating rat liver and its relationship to lysosomal enzyme activity.

The uptake of 67Ga citrate has been studied in the regenerating rat liver over a period up to 72 hr after partial hepatectomy. The concentration of 67Ga was found to be maximal (four times that of controls) 42 hr after hepatectomy. This was shown to be related to lysosomal enzyme activity rather than to specific phases of the cell cycle, there being a highly significant correlation (p smaller than 0.001) with aryl sulfatase activity. In both regenerating and normal rat livers, it was shown that 67Ga uptake is reduced when protein synthesis is inhibited by cycloheximide but is unaffected by inhibition of DNA synthesis by cytosine arabinoside.

Animals↗