PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D M Vail

Publications and source records attributed to D M Vail.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Alterations in lipoprotein profiles in dogs with lymphoma.

After a 12-hour fast, blood samples were obtained from 31 dogs with previously untreated lymphoma. Blood samples were also collected from 16 of these dogs after up to 5 treatments with doxorubicin (30 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks). All 16 dogs underwent complete remission. Five dogs were re-evaluated after relapse and after overt signs of cancer cachexia had become clinically apparent. Samples were assayed for 8 quantitative parameters: total cholesterol (T-CH) and total triglyceride (T-TG) concentrations, and the concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride in each of the three major lipoprotein fractions, very-low-density lipoprotein (LDL-CH and LDL-TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-CH and HDL-TG). The results were compared with those from 20 healthy control dogs of similar weight and age before and 3 weeks after being given one dose of doxorubicin (30 mg/m2 intravenously). The administration of doxorubicin to control dogs resulted in a significant (P < .05) decrease in T-CH, LDL-CH, and HDL-CH, as well as a significant increase in VLDL-TG and HDL-TG. When compared with untreated controls, untreated dogs with lymphoma had significantly higher concentrations of VLDL-CH, T-TG, VLDL-TG, LDL-TG, and HDL-TG, and significantly lower concentrations of HDL-CH. HDL-TG and VLDL-TG concentrations from dogs with lymphoma were significantly increased above pretreatment values after relapse and development of overt signs of cancer cachexia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs with chronic weight loss, with special reference to cancer cachexia.

Serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), and free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (fT3) were compared between tumor-bearing dogs (with and without chronic weight loss) and non-tumor-bearing dogs (with and without chronic weight loss) (n = 83). Serum T4, T3, and fT3 concentrations were lower (P < .05) in dogs with weight loss, whether or not they were tumor-bearing, than in dogs without weight loss. Serum fT4 concentrations did not vary among the groups. Serum albumin concentrations were lower (P < .05) in cachectic dogs than in dogs not experiencing weight loss, regardless of their tumor-bearing status. Percentage of weight loss was found to be associated (P < .05) with T4, T3, and fT3 concentrations. It appears that the low thyroid hormone concentrations are related to either an abnormal nutritional state or to the severity of illness, rather than to a tumor-related phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Actinomycin D for reinduction of remission in dogs with resistant lymphoma.

Twenty-five dogs with malignant lymphoma refractory to chemotherapy were treated with actinomycin D at a median dose of 0.7 mg/m2 (range, 0.5 to 0.9 mg/m2) every 3 weeks. The dogs treated had received between 2 and 8 chemotherapeutic agents (median 7), for a median of 266 days before being treated with actinomycin D. For 23 of the 25 dogs, previous chemotherapy included doxorubicin. No dog responded to actinomycin D chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Feline lymphoma (145 cases): proliferation indices, cluster of differentiation 3 immunoreactivity, and their association with prognosis in 90 cats.

Paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue samples from 145 cats with lymphoma were analyzed for cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3, a surface antigen) immunoreactivity, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) frequency, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index (PCNA-LI). This information along with signalment, anatomic site, and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen status was used to determine the potential of these indicators to predict response to therapy, remission, and survival times, and to characterize cats with lymphoma in the era of general availability of FeLV testing and vaccination. Alimentary lymphoma, primarily occurring in older, FeLV-negative cats, was the most common site of involvement. Although the majority of tumors from FeLV-positive cats were CD3-immunoreactive, only one half of CD3-immunoreactive tumors occurred in FeLV-positive cats. Median remission duration and survival times were 126 days and 143 days, respectively, for all cats. Measures of tumor cell proliferation (AgNOR frequency and PCNA-LI) and CD3-immunoreactivity were not predictive of outcome. When all prognostic factors were accounted for by multivariate analysis, response to therapy, FeLV status, and clinical substage were predictive of outcome. FeLV-negative cats that achieved a complete response following induction therapy were likely to have durable (i.e., > 6-month) responses, particularly when doxorubicin was included in the chemotherapy protocol. However, FeLV-positive cats had significantly shorter remission and survival times with available chemotherapeutic protocols.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prednisone and vinblastine chemotherapy for canine mast cell tumor--41 cases (1992-1997).

Forty-one dogs with mast cell tumors (MCTs) were treated with oral prednisone and injectable vinblastine (VBL), both in the adjuvant setting (23 dogs) and in dogs with gross disease (18 dogs). Adverse effects were noted in 20% (8/41) of the patients, usually after the 1st dose of VBL. Adverse effects were considered mild in 6, and severe, necessitating treatment discontinuation, in 2 (5%). Overall response rate in the evaluable dogs with gross disease was 47% (7/15), consisting of 5 complete responses and 2 partial responses. Median response duration was 154 days (24 to >645 days). As adjuvant therapy to incomplete surgical resection, prednisone and VBL conferred a 57% 1- and 2-year disease-free rate. Median survival time (MST) for the entire patient population was not reached with a median follow-up of 573 days; however, the MST for dogs with grade III MCT was 331 days, with 45% of dogs alive at 1 and 2 years. This is an apparent improvement over historical survival data employing surgery alone. Upon univariate analysis, significant prognostic factors (P < .05) for survival included presence of a locally recurrent tumor, presence of gross disease, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region frequency, lymph node status, histologic grade, previous chemotherapy, and ulceration of the tumor. Similar criteria were significant when analyzed for time to treatment failure. Response to therapy was also predictive of survival in the gross disease group. Upon multivariate analysis, histologic grade (P = .012) and presence of a locally recurrent tumor (P < .001) were significant factors for survival.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a high-dose chemotherapy protocol with no maintenance therapy for dogs with lymphoma.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of an intensified dose protocol with no maintenance phase for the treatment of canine lymphoma. Forty-nine dogs all weighing more than 15 kg were entered. Dogs were staged and treated with a modified version of the University of Wisconsin (UW)-Madison protocol for lymphoma. Modifications included increased dosages of cyclophosphamide (250 mg/m2 compared to 200 mg/m2) and doxorubicin (37.5 mg/m2 compared to 30 mg/m2), with no crossover to chlorambucil or methotrexate. After 25 weeks on protocol (17 treatments), therapy was discontinued and dogs were monitored for relapse on a monthly basis. Disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival were compared to 55 historical controls treated with the UW-Madison protocol. The 2 groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, breed, stage, presence of hypercalcemia, and CD3 status; a trend toward more substage b dogs was present in the high-dose group (P = .076). When comparing response rate, DFI, death due to disease, and death due to treatment-related toxicity, more dogs were dead due to toxicity (P < .001; odds ratio = 8.8) in the high-dose group. Overall survival between the high-dose and control groups did not differ significantly (P = .55) at 270 and 318 days, respectively. The intensified dose protocol is an option for owners who are willing to risk higher toxicity for a shorter protocol with no statistical difference in survival from the UW-Madison protocol.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative radiotherapy for canine soft tissue sarcoma.

Thirty-five dogs with 37 soft tissue sarcoma tumors that were incompletely excised and treated with radiotherapy in the postoperative, adjuvant setting were reviewed. Variables evaluated included age, sex, tumor site, tumor histology, total tumor radiation dose, radiotherapy field size. time to recurrence, and survival. The majority of tumors were fibrosarcomas and hemangiopericytomas, but small numbers of other tumor types were also represented. Total tumor radiation dose ranged from 42 to 57 Gy given in 3- to 4.2-Gy daily fractions on a Monday through Friday schedule. Overall median survival was 1,851 days. Median time to local recurrence was greater than 798 days. Soft-tissue sarcoma tumors at oral sites had a statistically significant lower median survival (540 days) as compared to other tumor sites (2,270 days). Radiotherapy may be a useful adjuvant therapy for incompletely excised soft-tissue sarcomas with a reasonable expectation for long-term patient survival.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy and toxicity of paclitaxel (Taxol) for the treatment of canine malignant tumors.

Paclitaxel (Taxol) was administered to 25 dogs with histologically confirmed malignant tumors at a dosage of 165 mg/m2 i.v. over 3-6 hours every 3 weeks. Dogs received premedication with antihistimines and corticosteroids to reduce hypersensitivity reactions. However, 64% of the dogs still experienced allergic reactions. Six dogs (24%) had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, 6 dogs (24%) required hospitalization and 3 dogs (12%) died of sepsis. Five dogs (20%) had a partial response (osteosarcoma [2 dogs] mammary carcinoma [2 dogs] and malignant histiocytosis [1 dog]) for a median duration of 53 days. The overall toxicity was unacceptable at the 165 mg/m2 dose. Therefore, subsequent evaluations of paclitaxel in tumor-bearing dogs should a starting dose of 132 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognosis for dogs with nonlymphomatous, small intestinal tumors treated by surgical excision.

Long-term follow-up information was obtained for 39 dogs that had undergone surgical excision of nonlymphomatous, small intestinal tumors. For all dogs evaluated in this study, the median survival time was 10 months, and the one- and two-year survival rates were 40.5% and 33.1%, respectively. There was no difference in survival times between dogs with adenocarcinomas (n=23) and dogs with leiomyosarcomas (n=16). Survival times were significantly (p less than 0.0001) shorter for dogs with histological evidence of metastases at the time of surgery (median, 3.0 months) than for dogs with no histiological evidence of metastases (median, 15.0 months).

Adenocarcinoma↗