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Biomedical subjects

D M Weber

Publications and source records attributed to D M Weber.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Absorbable sutures help minimise patient discomfort and reduce cost in syndactyly release.

Many surgeons hesitate to use absorbable suture material to correct syndactylies because they fear that it may induce hypertrophic scarring and compromise the outcome functionally and aesthetically. In a series of 25 syndactylies all sutures were carried out using an absorbable, multifilament polyglactin suture material (Vicryl Rapid, Ethicon). A good result with no functional impairment and a natural looking commissure was achieved in 20 syndactylies. 4 syndactylies had a fair result with no functional impairment but with certain aesthetic deficits such as a slightly hypertrophic scar in 2 and a hyperpigmentation of the skin graft in 2. One patient had a poor result with hypertrophic scars that were responsible for temporary flexion contractures. No patient needed to be reoperated. This case series demonstrates that good results can be achieved using absorbable sutures for syndactyly release. Children and parents appreciated the fact that no stitches had to be removed. Secondary anaesthesia for suture removal with its inherent risks and cost was not necessary.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2001

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine if patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be discharged home 4 h postoperatively with similar outcomes as patients admitted overnight. METHODS: Patients were randomized to an outpatient group (OP), consisting of patients who were discharged after a 4-h stay in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), or to an inpatient group. Variables compared between the two groups included patient demographics; degree of postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting, and patient satisfaction; amount of pain and nausea medication taken; and number of phone calls, readmissions, or complications. Statistical analysis was performed with students t-test, Fisher's exact test, and Wilcoxon's signed rank and rank sums tests as appropriate. RESULTS: Eighty patients were initially enrolled. Two were converted and 4 required admission after being randomized to the OP group. Patients in the OP group received more oral pain medication prior to PACU discharge. Degree of pain, number of phone calls, readmission and complication rates, and patient satisfaction were similar between both groups. Of the 4 unexpected admissions, all were identified within the 4-h PACU stay. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy who are discharged home 4 h postoperatively will experience the same satisfaction with no increase in complications as patients admitted overnight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Effects of helium pneumoperitoneum in pregnant ewes.

BACKGROUND: Previous animal studies have demonstrated that a carbon dioxide (CO(2)) pneumoperitoneum in pregnant ewes causes maternal and fetal acidosis, decreased uterine blood flow (UtBF), and fetal hypertension. This study was undertaken to determine whether helium (He) produces these same effects when used as an insufflating gas. METHODS: Six gravid ewes, at 116 to 120 days gestation, underwent catheterization of the maternal femoral artery and vein and the fetal hindlimb artery and vein, as well as insertion of a uterine artery flow probe. After a 6-day recovery period, the animals were anesthetized; a Hasson trocar was placed; and an He pneumoperitoneum was established (10 mmHg for 30 min followed by 15 mmHg for 30 min). The following parameters were recorded at baseline and at preset time points: maternal and fetal heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), arterial blood gasses, maternal end-tidal CO(2) (EtCO2), and UtBF. The percentage of change over time was determined for each variable. The results were compared with results previously obtained in control animals and in animals undergoing CO(2) pneumoperitoneum. Statistical significance was determined by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: The following statistically significant changes were found. CONCLUSIONS: Like CO(2), He used for pneumoperitoneum resulted in decreased UtBF and fetal hypertension because of increased intra-abdominal pressure. Unlike a CO(2), He used for pneumoperitoneum does not cause maternal or fetal acidosis, indicating that the metabolic effects seen with CO(2) are the result of the specific gas used. Therefore, He may be a safer gas than CO(2) to use for laparoscopic procedures in pregnant patients.

Acidosis↗
PubMed2001

Periumbilical necrotizing fasciitis in the newborn.

Periumbilical necrotizing fasciitis (PNF) in the newborn is an invasive bacterial infection of the abdominal wall with a fulminant course and a high mortality rate. Little is known about the etiology, risk factors and microbiology of the disease. 18 patients with periumbilical necrotizing fasciitis were included in this retrospective study and were compared with 50 patients with omphalitis over a 6-year period, between 1992 and 1998. This represents the largest reported study. The children with periumbilical necrotizing fasciitis presented at a younger age compared to the omphalitis group (8.4 days vs. 9.1 days) and had a shorter clinical history (1.9 days vs. 2.8 days), suggesting that PNF is not a mere sequela of omphalitis but has distinctive underlying causes. None of our patients in the omphalitis group had a progression of the disease towards necrotizing fasciitis. The microbial spectrum of cultures obtained in patients with PNF consisted of mixed anaerobes and aerobes in 55%, and mixed aerobes in 36% of cases. Early aggressive therapy, including elective endotracheal intubation, immediate surgical debridement of the abdominal wall, antibiotics and supportive measurements resulted in a survival rate of 56%. Far from being satisfactory, this is nevertheless higher than the 12.5% to 45% survival rate quoted in previous publications.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2001

Cytogenetic findings in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Chromosomal abnormalities are associated with the polymorphous subtype and an aggressive clinical course.

We correlated bone marrow cytogenetic findings with morphologic and immunophenotypic data in 37 patients with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL)/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Each LPL/WM case was classified as lymphoplasmacytoid (n = 18), lymphoplasmacytic (n = 10), or polymorphous (n = 9) using the Kiel criteria. Of 12 cases with chromosomal abnormalities, a single numeric abnormality was present in 4 and a complex karyotype in 8. The most common numeric abnormalities were and -8 in 3 cases each; the most common structural abnormality was del(6q) in 6 cases. Cytogenetic abnormalities were significantly less common in the lymphoplasmacytic and lymphoplasmacytoid groups (5/28 [18%]) compared with the polymorphous group (7/9 [78%]). Clinical follow-up was available for 28 patients for a median of 36 months. Six (67%) of 9 patients with aneuploid tumors, including 4 with polymorphous subtype, subsequently had clinical progression or developed high-grade lymphoma. In contrast, 4 (21%) of 19 patients with diploid tumors, including 1 of polymorphous type, developed clinical progression or high-grade lymphoma. We conclude that abnormal cytogenetic findings in LPL/WM correlate with the polymorphous subtype and poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Quantitative nuclear morphometry by image analysis for prediction of recurrence of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

Clinical management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) remains a challenge because significant proportions of patients experience recurrence after conservative surgical treatment. Unfortunately, it is difficult to prospectively identify, using objective criteria, patients who are at high risk of recurrence and might benefit from additional treatment. We conducted a multi-institutional, collaborative case-control study to identify nuclear morphometric features that would be useful for identifying women with DCIS at the highest risk of recurrence. Tissue sections of archival breast tissue of 29 women with recurrent and 73 matched women with nonrecurrent DCIS were stained for DNA, and nuclei in the DCIS lesions were evaluated by image analysis. A clear correlation between mean fractal2_area (FA2) and nuclear grade was observed (P < 0.001), allowing an objective determination of nuclear grade. Several nuclear morphometric features, including mean and variance of variation of radius, mean area, mean and variance of frequency of high boundary harmonics (FQH), and variance in sphericity, were found to be useful in discriminating recurrent from nonrecurrent DCIS subjects. However, the nuclear features associated with recurrence differed between high- and low-grade lesions. For lesions with high FA2 (nuclear grade 3), mean variation of radius, mean FQH, and mean area alone yielded recurrence odds ratios of 4.55 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-45.96], 3.86 (95% CI, 0.88-16.98), 2.90 (95% CI, 0.31-27.2), respectively. Using a summed feature model, high-FA2 lesions showing three poor prognostic features had an odds ratio of 15.63 (95% CI, 1.22-200), compared with those with zero or one poor prognostic feature. Lesions with low mean FA2 (nuclear grade 1 or 2) showing high variances in sphericity and FQH had an odds ratio of 7.71 (95% CI, 1.77-33.60). Addition of other features did not enhance the odds ratio or its significance. These results suggest that nuclear image analysis of DCIS lesions may provide an adjunctive tool to conventional pathological analysis, both for the objective assessment of nuclear grade and for the identification of features that predict patient outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of acute scrotum in boys.

Evaluation of acute painful scrotum is difficult and imaging studies have been reported to be unreliable in detecting testicular torsion. In order to assess the value of color Doppler sonography in acute scrotal disease, the authors reviewed 65 consecutive boys, ranging in age from 1 to 16 years. The study demonstrated absent or diminished flow signals in 11 patients. All of them had a surgical intervention, and in 8 of them, a testicular torsion was confirmed. 54 boys had a symmetrical or increased flow signal on the affected side. Just 5 boys among this group underwent surgical exploration. On follow up, none of the 54 patients with good flow signals proved to have a testicular torsion. Sonography and color Doppler sonography helped to differentiate epididymitis and torsion of a testicular appendage as a basis for further investigations and correct conservative therapy. In detecting a testicular torsion, color Doppler sonography yielded a positive predictive value of 73%, a sensitivity of 100% and a negative predictive value of 100%. We therefore conclude, that Doppler sonography can reliably rule out testicular torsion so that routine scrotal exploration in cases of acute scrotum is no longer necessary. By reducing the number of emergency operations and hospitalization days, color Doppler sonography can cut down the total cost of managing acute painful scrotum in boys.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Duodenojejunal atresia with apple peel configuration of the ileum and absent superior mesenteric artery: observations on pathogenesis.

A child with loss of the third and fourth part of the duodenum and of the proximal jejunum was found to have an apple peel configuration of the remaining small bowel. The complete absence of branches from the superior mesenteric artery impaired the blood supply of the distal duodenum. An annular pancreas was found in this patient with Down's syndrome. This anomaly may have impaired the flow through the pancreaticoduodenal arcade, which would normally compensate for the distal vascular occlusion. According to current understanding, duodenal atresia is a primary malformation. The current case suggests, however, that in rare circumstances vascular accidents may be the underlying cause for duodenal atresia.

Duodenal Obstruction↗
PubMed1999

Brain: gadolinium-enhanced fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MR imaging.

PURPOSE: To determine the clinical utility of gadolinium-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain by comparing results with those at gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging with magnetization transfer (MT) saturation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 105 consecutive patients referred for gadolinium-enhanced brain imaging, FLAIR and T1-weighted MR imaging with MT saturation were performed before and after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.1 mmol per kilogram of body weight). Pre- and postcontrast images were evaluated to determine the presence of abnormal contrast enhancement and whether enhancement was more conspicuous with the FLAIR or T1-weighted sequences. RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies showed intracranial contrast enhancement. Postcontrast T1-weighted images with MT saturation showed superior enhancement in 14 studies, whereas postcontrast fast FLAIR images showed superior enhancement in 15 studies. Four cases demonstrated approximately equal contrast enhancement with both sequences. Six cases showed some areas of enhancement better with T1-weighted imaging with MT saturation and other areas better with postcontrast fast FLAIR imaging. Superficial enhancement was typically better seen with postcontrast fast FLAIR imaging. CONCLUSION: Fast FLAIR images have noticeable T1 contrast making gadolinium-induced enhancement visible. Gadolinium enhancement in lesions that are hyperintense on precontrast FLAIR images, such as intraparenchymal tumors, may be better seen on T1-weighted images than on postcontrast fast FLAIR images. However, postcontrast fast FLAIR images may be useful for detecting superficial abnormalities, such as meningeal disease, because they do not demonstrate contrast enhancement of vessels with slow flow as do T1-weighted images.

Brain↗
PubMed1997

Prognostic features of asymptomatic multiple myeloma.

Approximately 20% of patients with multiple myeloma are recognized by chance without significant symptoms. In order to prevent morbidity with timely therapy, reliable criteria are needed that distinguish those likely to show early or late disease progression. Multiple clinical features were assessed in 101 consecutive, asymptomatic and previously untreated patients. Patients with one or more lytic bone lesions were excluded because this feature had been found previously to be associated with early progression. Multivariate analysis indicated that only serum myeloma globulin > 30 g/l, IgA protein type, and Bence Jones protein excretion > 50 mg/d remained as significant independent variables. The presence of two or more of these features signified high-risk disease with early progression (median 17 months) whereas the absence of any adverse variable was associated with prolonged stability (median 95 months) (P < 0.01). Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the spine was useful only in patients with one adverse feature and an intermediate time to progression (median 39 months). An abnormal pattern (40% of patients) helped to distinguish patients with an imminent complication from those with more stable disease. Because a serious complication (fracture, hypercalcaemia) occurred in 35% of patients with early disease progression, chemotherapy seems justified for selected patients with asymptomatic disease at diagnosis. The remaining patients were at such low risk for progression (median 6 years) that they may be followed safely at long intervals without treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Factors related to enrollment in the breast cancer prevention trial at a comprehensive cancer center during the first year of recruitment.

BACKGROUND: Using an a priori theoretic model of behavior change, factors predicting enrollment in a randomized chemoprevention trial during the first year of recruitment were assessed prospectively. METHODS: Eligible participants were asked to complete a 90-item semistructured questionnaire after attendance at an informational meeting. Components of the Health Belief Model (including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers, cues to action, and health motivation), health status, preventive health behaviors, and social influence were assessed in relation to enrollment. RESULTS: Overall, 331 women attended one of the meetings, and 73% completed a questionnaire; 45% enrolled on the trial and 55% did not. In bivariate analyses, all but one of the perceived barriers were associated negatively with enrollment; however, items assessing perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived benefits were not. Nonparticipants also were more likely to be over 49 years of age, to be currently or to have been on estrogen replacement therapy, and to have had hot flashes. In logistic regression analysis, not being able to take estrogen replacement therapy was the strongest predictor of nonparticipation (odds ratio [OR], 12.13, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.63, 40.60). Other factors associated with nonparticipation were concern about side effects of tamoxifen (OR, 5.06; CI, 2.37, 10.80); the possibility of getting a placebo (OR, 7.75; CI, 1.51, 39.67); the costs associated with the trial (OR, 3.21; CI, 1.12, 9.24); and absence of concern that significant others would be reassured if the respondent was taking tamoxifen (OR, 2.58; CI, 1.04, 6.41). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the view that recruitment efforts for chemoprevention trials should address barriers specific to their circumstances. In addition, increasing the support available from personal social networks may enhance recruitment to chemoprevention trials for breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma.

PURPOSE: To assess the prognostic significance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with newly diagnosed asymptomatic multiple myeloma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight consecutive patients with asymptomatic myeloma of low tumor mass and negative skeletal surveys underwent MR imaging of the thoracic and lumbosacral spine. The presence and patterns of marrow involvement were correlated with standard laboratory parameters and time to disease progression. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (50%) had evidence of marrow involvement at spinal MR imaging. MR patterns of marrow involvement were classified as diffuse (five patients), variegated (nine), and focal (five). Patients with abnormal MR imaging studies required therapy after a median of 16 months, versus 43 months for those with normal MR studies (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Abnormal marrow patterns were present in half of patients with asymptomatic myeloma. An abnormal MR study of the spine identified asymptomatic patients who were likely to require treatment earlier than those with a normal MR study. A normal MR pattern provided additional justification to defer institution of chemotherapy. However, MR imaging remains an investigational tool to stage patients with multiple myeloma until more data are accumulated.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Regression of gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue with antibiotic therapy for Helicobacter pylori.

Regression of low-grade B cell gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue after eradication of Helicobacter pylori with antibiotic therapy was recently shown in a small number of patients with low-volume tumors. A patient with a > 10 cm nodular gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma that caused hematemesis and weight loss is described. Antibiotic therapy of H. pylori resulted in full clinical recovery and resolution of the mass lesion and morphological features of lymphoma on routine histological examination. However, monotypic immunostaining of plasma cells persisted in a separate and grossly normal-appearing region of the stomach. Antibiotic therapy may be of benefit in patients with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with mass lesions and significant signs and symptoms, but periodic search for residual lymphoma is needed.

Female↗
PubMed1994

2Chlorodeoxyadenosine therapy of patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia previously treated with fludarabine.

BACKGROUND: Fludarabine monophosphate and 2Chlorodeoxyadenosine are nucleoside analogues with activity against Waldenström macroglobulinemia. However, it is not clear whether prior exposure to one analogue precludes response to the other compound. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and prior exposure to fludarabine were treated with two courses of 2chlorodeoxyadenosine. RESULTS: Three out of four patients that had previously responded to fludarabine and were relapsing from unmaintained remission, achieved a partial response with 2chlorodeoxyadenosine therapy. However, only one out of 10 patients with disease resistant to fludarabine responded to 2chlorodeoxyadenosine. CONCLUSIONS: 2chlorodeoxyadenosine may be effective in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia sensitive to fludarabine. However, this compound has limited activity for patients with disease resistant to fludarabine.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

MR angiography of the pelvis with variable velocity encoding and a phased-array coil.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of an automated variable velocity-encoding sequence and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) on magnetic resonance angiograms with use of phase contrast and a pelvic phased-array coil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three cardiac-gated, two-dimensional (2D), phase-contrast (PC) sequences were evaluated in 10 healthy subjects. A 2D gated PC sequence with variable velocity encoding (velocity-optimized phase contrast [VOPC]) was compared with gated 2D PC sequences performed with high or low constant velocity encoding. S/Ns in VOPC images obtained with a pelvic phased-array coil were compared with those in VOPC images obtained with a body coil. RESULTS: Two blinded readers preferred VOPC for simultaneous display of large and small blood vessels in one acquisition compared with constant low (P = .0105) and high (P = .0067) velocity encoding and for overall image interpretation. VOPC images obtained with the pelvic coil had a 68%-100% better S/N compared with those obtained with the body coil. CONCLUSION: Use of a phased-array coil and variable velocity encoding improves depiction of segmental vascular anatomic structures of the pelvis.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1994

Intensive sequential therapy for VAD-resistant multiple myeloma.

Few effective regimens are available for patients with advanced multiple myeloma resistant to alkylating agents and VAD. We treated 65 patients with advanced and refractory multiple myeloma with the combination of cyclophosphamide (3.0 gm/m2) and etoposide (900 mg/m2) followed by GM-CSF at a daily dose of 0.125 mg/m2. Thirty-five percent of patients responded with a 6% mortality rate. After a median of 2 months, 16 patients received myeloablative treatment supported by autologous bone marrow or blood stem cells. Four of ten previously resistant patients responded so that the overall response rate was 42%. The median survival for all patients was 10 months and the median remission was 8 months. The median survival for patients with both low serum lactate dehydrogenase and B2 microglobulin, or for those who received myeloablative treatment, was projected at 18 months. Our combination of cyclophosphamide and etoposide provided an effective rescue treatment for many patients with advanced multiple myeloma resistant to conventional therapies. This program allowed early blood stem cell collection in support of subsequent myeloablative therapy for selected patients.

Adult↗