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Biomedical subjects

D M Wrobel

Publications and source records attributed to D M Wrobel.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Results of long-term prospective study of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier state.

In a prospective study of 180 HBsAg carriers, excluding patients from renal units or active drug users, excluding were followed by up to 8 years (mean 4 years). Four became HGsAg negative. SGPT was normal throughout in 70.6%. The rest had either intermittent, persistent or occasional elevations. The commonest pattern of SGPT abnormally was the intermittent one lasting weeks or months. Serial liver biopsies in carriers with normal SGPT showed mainly lobular infiltrates which reverted to normal. In carriers with elevated SGPT, portal infiltrates were found which persisted, compatible with a clinico-pathologic diagnosis of chronic persisting hepatitis (CPH). One patient progressed to liver cirrhosis and one developed CAH and cirrhosis. No patient developed hepatocellular carcinoma. HBsAg carriers can be divided into 2 groups: a) healthy, b) with asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B. Liver biopsy is recommended in group b, but not in group a.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in asymptomatic blood donors.

Seventy-two volunteer blood donors who had hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBS) were studied and compared with 115 carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg). Anti-BHS-positive donors gave a history of greater possible exposure to hepatitis B virus, there was a lower male-female ratio, and they had a much lower frequency of abnormal hepatic function test results. Those who were positive by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), which indicated a high titer of antibody (greater than 1:2,000 as measured by passive hemagglutination assay [PHA], also had an ethnic origin similar to that of the donor panel, ie, predominantly Canadian and northern European. The HBSAg carriers, on the other hand, had a high frequency of origin from Mediterranean and Far Eastern countries. Low-antibody-titer (positive PHA but negative CIEP) donors had ethnic origins that more closely approximated those of HBSAg carriers.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1975

e antigen and anti-e in HBsAg carriers.

A new antigen/antibody system, "e" and anti-e, was described in 1972. In order to assess the clinical significance of e antigen and anti-e, their presence was correlated with the clinical status, S.G.P.T. levels and liver biopsies of HBsAg carriers. 31 of the carriers had liver biopsies, 32 of 70 carriers had anti-e and 2 had e antigen. 28 of 55 carriers with normal S.G.P.T. and 4 of 15 patients with raised S.G.P.T. had anti-e. This difference is not statistically significant. 2 patients with e had raised S.G.P.T. All patients with normal histology, 45% of patients with mild, and 23% of patients with striking histological changes in the liver had anti-e. This association of anti-e with a normal or mildly abnormal liver was statistically significant. The 2 patients with e antigen had the most severe abnormalities in liver function and liver histology.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1975

Prevalence and significance of hepatitis B surface antigen in a general hospital.

Over a 6-month period 2025 patients admitted to New Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). CIEP detected 12 HBsAg-positive patients and RIA 16. RIA is therefore the more sensitive test for HBsAg. Of the 16 patients 2 had liver disease previously diagnosed, 3 had malignant disease and 11 were asymptomatic carriers. Of the 11 carriers all were born in countries where the carrier rate is known to be high. Routine screening of hospital patients on admission is of no value in detecting unsuspected liver disease but is of value in detecting asymptomatic carriers, which is of importance for the patient and his family. Routine screening tests for HBsAg in Canadian hospitals that treat many patients born in countries with a known high HBsAg prevalence is recommended. Routine screening is also recommended in all hospitals in Mediterranean and Asian countries.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1975

Hepatitis B surface antigen in saliva of HB-SAg carriers.

Two hundred and twelve saliva specimens of HB-SAg carriers were tested for HB-SAg by crossover immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) after concentration, between April 1971 and September 1973. They were divided into 3 groups (A, B, and C). CIEP detected HG-SAg in 6 per cent in Group A (66 specimens) and in 12 percent in Group B (87 specimens), and in 78 per cent in Group C. Different methods of preparation and concentration of saliva specimens were discussed. The positive results by RIA were confirmed by a blocking test with rabbit HB-SAg antiserum. Intermittent presence of HB-SAg in repeated saliva specimens from individual carriers was found. Infected saliva of HB-SAg carriers may be of importance in transmission of hepatitis B infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Reporting of post-transfusion jaundice.

Reports of post-transfusion jaundice were analysed in four successive years from April 1, 1969 to April 1, 1973. Analysis showed a marked reduction in the number of cases reported during the two years of routine HBAg-testing of all blood donations as compared with the two years before this testing was instituted. The value of retrospective studies under present conditions of reporting is discussed.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed1973

Frequency of hepatitis B antigen in blood donors.

Routine testing of all blood donations for hepatitis B antigen by counter-immunoelectrophoresis was started in April 1971. The frequency of HBAg carriers among apparently healthy volunteer blood donors in the Toronto Centre of the Canadian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service was 15 in 10,000 with a male:female ratio of 6:1. Excluding penitentiary inmates, the highest incidence was among young, male, non-Anglo-Saxon city dwellers.A system of notification of HBAg-positive donors was developed, through which a carrier is referred to a special clinic for clinical and pathological evaluation.A survey of hospital patients indicated an incidence of HB antigen 3.5 times that of our healthy donor population. A comparison of the number of post-transfusion hepatitis cases occurring before and after the commencement of routine testing for HBAg showed a marked reduction in reported cases in 1971.

Adolescent↗