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Biomedical subjects

D MCCLEAN

Publications and source records attributed to D MCCLEAN.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1957

Laboratory and vaccination studies with dried smallpox vaccines.

In a vaccination and laboratory study, two dried smallpox vaccines (designated P and Q) were tested at intervals of 4, 8, 16, and 32 weeks after storage at both 37 degrees C and 45 degrees C. Vaccine P was also tested after 64 weeks at these temperatures and gave 100% successful vaccination rates after all periods of storage at both temperatures. Vaccine Q deteriorated within four weeks, rapidly at 45 degrees C and less rapidly, but very substantially, at 37 degrees C. There was no clear evidence of the cause of this deterioration, but there was a suggestion of denaturation of some of the samples stored at the higher temperature. So far as could be ascertained, the laboratory results-rabbit skin scarification tests and chorio-allantoic membrane pock counts-ran parallel with the vaccination success rates. The pock count was found to be the more accurate method of laboratory titration. Vaccine P as used in the trial was not an exceptional batch.Vaccines which give a pock count of 10(8) infective units per ml will give the highest possible rate of successful primary vaccinations.A statistical note on the trials is given in an annex.

Animals↗
PubMed1955

The use of smallpox vaccine.

The author first discusses the developments made in the last thirty years in methods of destroying contaminating micro-organisms and of reducing the amount of extraneous tissue debris, in cultivating virus in the embryonated egg and in tissue culture, in producing stable dried vaccine, and in methods of titrating the potency of vaccine. As to the strain of virus to be used in vaccines, he does not consider it necessary to use strains which have periodically been passed through the human subject.He then discusses a trial of the stability of dried smallpox vaccine which is being conducted by the World Health Organization and the characteristics of a dried vaccine developed at the Lister Institute of Preventine Medicine. Encouraging results have also been achieved there in the production and use of virus inactivated by ultraviolet irradiation, in order to decrease the risk of complications consequent upon the use of living virus vaccine.Consideration of the duration of immunity and the protection afforded after contact with smallpox leads to the conclusion that complete protection may be expected in most cases if vaccination is carried out within 24 hours of exposure, but that if vaccination is delayed more than three days it will have little influence on the infection.

Humans↗