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Biomedical subjects

D Mack

Publications and source records attributed to D Mack.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigenemia (p24) in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the effect of treatment with zidovudine (AZT).

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may cause viral antigenemia, detected primarily as p24 viral core protein. Among 16 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex studied serially, 12 had or developed antigenemia ranging from 16 to 3006 pg/mL in plasma. The level could be categorized as high (greater than 100 pg/mL) or low (15 to 65 pg/mL). Three patients with anti-p24 antibody had no antigenemia. Zidovudine (AZT), 200 or 250 mg every 4 hours, reduced antigenemia by about 90%; other regimens were less effective. Leukocyte cultures were positive for HIV from patients with antigenemia, and in one third of samples in the absence of antigenemia. High levels of antigenemia correlated with symptoms, CD4 cell count, and prognosis. Drug toxicity requiring a lower dose was followed by increased antigenemia, recurrent symptoms, and decreased CD4 cells, suggesting lymphocyte toxicity. Monitoring antigenemia can be useful in evaluating patients with HIV infection and in evaluating the effect of antiviral chemotherapy.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

[Iatrogenic tumor cell implantation in bladder cancer].

J82 monolayer cell cultures and 647 V multicellular tumor spheroids were incubated in Resectal, urine (pH 5.5; 7.5) and distilled water for 5-30 min. In the case of both monolayers and tumor spheroids inhibition of tumor cell growth was achieved by incubation in distilled water. Transurethral resection (TUR) of a primary superficial bladder cancer was performed in 133 patients (Ta, T1). In 60 of these patients selected biopsies of apparently normal bladder mucosa were taken at the same time. There was no significant difference in tumor recurrence between the groups with biopsy and without biopsy. However, all patients with dysplasia in the selected mucosal biopsies developed a tumor recurrence. Between 1969 and 1984 bladder wall perforation occurred in 12 patients during TUR of Ta, T1 bladder cancer. None of the patients who experienced bladder wall perforation developed extraperitoneal or intraperitoneal metastases. Although our clinical results suggest that iatrogenic tumor cell implantation during TUR of a bladder cancer is rather unlikely, this event could be prevented by the use of distilled water during and after TUR.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cell-free fatty acylation of microsomal integrated and detergent-solubilized glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus.

An enzymatic activity associated with intracellular membrane fractions of Merwin plasma cell tumor II, baby hamster kidney, and chicken embryo fibroblast cells and bovine kidney has been characterized which covalently links fatty acids onto the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus. Exogenous G protein extracted from native vesicular stomatitis virus particles can be acylated in vitro only after it has been previously deacylated. The fatty acids transferred in vitro are sensitive to treatment with hydroxylamine, indicating an ester linkage. Cell-free acyl transfer was also observed with endogenous G protein present in membrane fractions prepared from vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells. In this case, the fatty acids become linked to a G protein species (G1) which is not terminally glycosylated and therefore has not entered the trans-Golgi compartment. The same G protein species also becomes acylated in infected cells during short pulses with radioactive palmitic acid. Acylation of the G protein in vitro with free palmitic or myristic acid is energy-dependent, and the addition of ATP is specifically required. Other nucleoside triphosphates cannot substitute for ATP in the activation of free acyl chains. Alternatively, activated fatty acids linked in a high energy thioester bond to coenzyme A, e.g. [14C] palmitoyl-CoA, are suitable lipid donors in the in vitro acylation reactions. Palmitic acid transfer onto G protein shows the typical characteristics of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1987

[Value of microhematuria, urine cytology, TPA and neopterin in the after care of patients with bladder tumors].

Tumor recurrences were observed 70 times in 715 cystoscopies performed in 253 patients. The sensitivity of microhematuria to detect a tumor recurrence was 61%, the specificity 84%. The sensitivity of microhematuria increased to 90% in Tis and T2 tumors. Urine cytology showed a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of only 43%. The specificity and sensitivity of TPA was only 58% and 41%, respectively, the latter increased to 80% in Tis. 60 patients with proven tumor recurrence showed an increase of neopterin with higher tumor stage. In tumors of stage T2 and Tis serum neopterin was raised in 90% and urine neopterin in 75%. Based on these results cystoscopy, exfoliative urinary cytology and urine analysis are obligatory in the follow-up of patients with superficial bladder cancer. Because of the low specificity (29-41%) TPA and neopterin are not suitable for follow-up.

Biopterins↗
PubMed1987

[Topical BCG therapy of in situ cancer of the urinary bladder].

Ten patients with primary, secondary and concurrent Tis were treated by intravesically instilled BCG-solution. A complete tumor remission could be obtained in 6 patients. Local toxicity was the reason for discontinuing the treatment in 2 patients. One patient developed a granulomatous prostatitis during the treatment. Although significant side effects did occur we think that topical BCG therapy is an effective treatment modality in Tis of the urinary bladder.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1986

[Bladder cancer as an incidental finding].

Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder was found in 54 patients as an incidental finding. These patients are compared with 618 patients with symptomatic tumours as regards tumour type, grade and stage. The mean age is lower, there are more women and less tumours of high malignancy in the asymptomatic group than in the symptomatic. The main clinical sign in the symptomatic patient is gross haematuria. With increasing tumour stage and grade there are significantly more patients with dysuria and pollacisuria. Comprehensive urological examination of patients with dysuria or microhaematuria is a necessity. Sonography should be used as a valuable tool in the early detection of bladder tumours.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Plasma cell granuloma of the lung (inflammatory pseudotumor)].

Plasma cell granuloma of the lung is a rare, benign focal lesion of nonspecific inflammatory genesis with few symptoms and often discovered by chance during mass-radiography. Radiologically it is characterized by a usually well-circumscribed solitary round focus (70% of cases), as an infiltrate or as atelectasis if it grows endobronchially. The histological picture is polymorph with mature plasma cells, lymphocytes, vacuolized histiocytes, fibroblasts and other elements of the reticulo-endothelial system. It has been given many names, pseudotumour appearing in the older literature. In the differential diagnosis a peripheral lesion can be mistaken for benign tumour, specific granuloma or metastasis, the more central form for bronchial carcinoma. The condition was observed in six personal cases, operated on between 1967 and 1982.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Special diagnostic and therapeutic problems with primary bone tumors of the chest wall].

The rare primary bone tumors of the chest wall have to be distinguished from metastatic or specific inflammatory bone diseases as well as from neoplasm of mediastinal or bronchogenic origin secondarily involving the chest wall. Their x-ray appearance may lead to confusion with pulmonary or mediastinal tumors. Since definite diagnosis by x-ray studies including computed tomography is not possible and many of these tumors are malignant or tend to recur locally, radical resection is mandatory. From 1970 to 1982 34 primary tumors of the bony chest wall were observed. A definite histological diagnosis was obtained in 28 cases. Ten tumors were malignant, chondrosarcoma being the most frequent ones. Tumor resections were carried out in 27 patients, the surgical procedures being single rib resection (17), multiple rib resection (6), partial sternum resection (2) and thoracotomy (2) for tumor enucleation. In 8 cases chest wall defects had to be covered with lyophilized Dura mater (2), with diaphragm (2), subscapular (1) and pectoral muscle flaps (3).

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A rapid procedure for the production and purification of vesicular stomatitis virus.

Ehrlich ascites tumour(EAT) cells were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) within the peritoneal cavity of mice and used to prepare milligram quanities of purified virus. The protein pattern, endogenous transcriptase activity, and specific infectivity of this virus were comparable to viral preparations from HeLa and BHK cells. A total of 2-4 x 10(11) p.f.u. of VSV were obtained routinely from one mouse. The initial high concentration of VSV grown in EAT cells in the peritoneal cavity of mice facilitates virus isolation and allows its purification by a single gradient centrifugation step.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Extramedullary haematopoiesis as a cause of a paravertebral mass in the thorax (author's transl)].

The radiological due to extensive extramedullary haematopoiesis taking place in the posterior mediastinum in two patients are described, and the literature is reviewed. Characteristic features are a polycyclic or spindle-shaped configuration of the mass, with bilateral paravertebral localisation in the caudal and middle third of the thorax. There is absence of inflammatory or neoplastic changes in the neighbouring skeleton, but in thalassaemia there may be changes in the paravertebral portion of the ribs. Computer tomographically, the combination of a solid paravertebral tumour, with adjacent rib changes, is characteristic of thalassaemia with extramedullary haematopoiesis. In the absence of other skeletal changes, computed tomography is valuable for differential diagnosis. Lymphomas occur considerably more often and may appear identical but, because of the well know fat content of myolipoma, the scan shows contrast values between -15 and + 40 HU. Because of their high vascularity, there is a marked increase in density following intravenous contrast medium.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Pretherapeutic metastases diagnosis in bronchial cancer with special reference to nuclear medicine procedures].

In a retrospective study of 280 patients with histologically verified bronchogenic carcinoma, pretherapeutic diagnosis using scanning procedures yielded 13.6% skeletal metastases, 8.6% liver metastases and 3.6% brain metastases. The total 23.9% of hematogenous metastases proved to be dependent on the histological type of tumor: it was highest in small cell anaplastic carcinomas (38.8%) and large cell carcinomas (32.5%), and lowest in epidermoid carcinomas (13.3%). If the localization of metastases was also taken into account, the highest rates of metastases in the skeleton (17.5% and 22.5%) the liver (15%) and the brain (7.5%) were always found with small cell anaplastic and large cell carcinomas. Besides the histopathological type of tumor, the frequency of metastases depended also on the local stage of bronchial cancer. While scanning of the skeleton and the liver for clinical staging of bronchogenic carcinoma should always be regarded as an essential part of primary diagnosis (alternatively ultrasonography and computed tomography of liver) the necessity for brain scan and/or computed tomography depends on the neurological findings and the histomorphological type of tumor.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

[Results of surgical treatment of bronchiogenic carcinoma and nonsurgical treatment of oat cell carcinoma (author's transl)].

Of 1732 patients, 95% were followed up. The proportion of men to women was 7:1, most patients being about 70 years old. Eighty percent of the patients smoked, 64% were considered inoperable when first seen, and 4% were found to be incurable at the time of surgery. Postoperative deaths were 8.2%; 3 bronchopleural fistulas and 17 pleural empyemas complicated recovery. Of those patients operated on without lymph node involvement, the 5-year survival rate was 45.4%, with lymph node metastasis 14.7%. Of 242 patients with oat cell carcinoma who were not operated on, 85% died within the first year after hospital discharge. Only 1.2% survived 5 years.

Aged↗