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Biomedical subjects

D Magnusson

Publications and source records attributed to D Magnusson.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Perceptions of and reactions to stressful situations.

Two approaches to the study of the psychological significance of situations were compared, one using data for individuals' perceptions of situations and the other using data for individuals' reactions to situations. Perception and reaction data for 40 subjects were used for multidimensional classification of 12 situations, which were selected so as to cover four different types of stressful situations. For three of the a priori groupings of situations the congruence in outcomes between the two methods was high. The implications of the congruence and the discrepancies in outcomes for the two approaches are discussed. The main conclusion is that one should distinguish clearly between situation perception factors and situation reaction factors in further research on the psychological significance of situations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Integration of information in a clinical judgment task, an empirical comparison of six models.

Six models were compared for their effectiveness in reproducing six clinical psychologists' judgments of 38 patients on intelligence, ability to establish contact, and control of affect and impulses. In two of the models, subjective weights were used in the prediction of a judge's ratings. The judges based their judgments solely on verbal protocols from the Rorschach, a sentence completion test, and the Thematic Apperception test. The stability of the linear aspect of the judgment process was very high but decreased as the depth of interpretation of the rating variable increased. The nonlinear aspect of the judgment process had considerably low stability. In general, a model based on subjective weights was most effective in reproducing the judges' ratings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Type A behavior: a longitudinal study from childhood to adulthood.

In a longitudinal study of a sample of Swedish males and females (n = 170), Type A-related behavior at age 13 was related to the scores on an abbreviated Type A scale based on JAS which was administered when the same subjects were 27 years old. Aggression, Motor Hyperactivity, Overambition, and Overachievement measured at age 13 were used as predictors in a multiple regression analysis, with Type A score at age 27 as the dependent variable. The following results were obtained: 1) for men the multiple correlation was 0.41 (p less than 0.01), with Aggression and Overambition accounting for most of the prediction, and b) for women the multiple correlation was 0.36 (p less than 0.05), with Motor Hyperactivity accounting for most of the prediction. It was concluded that Type A-related behavior could be identified rather early and that it shows an unexpected degree of stability over a period of 14 years.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of adjustment problems in girls: what syndromes emerge?

The development of a broad spectrum of adjustment problems in girls was studied longitudinally from late childhood to early adulthood. A specific interest concerned how well the externalizing-internalizing distinction could explain the data. The sample consisted of about 500 Swedish girls, reasonably representative of the general population. Variable-oriented methods were complemented with person-oriented methods to study syndrome formation at the level of the individual. The results suggested a rather diversified pattern of multi-problem syndromes in late childhood, whereas the syndrome structure in early adolescence was organized around a differentiation between girls with externalizing adjustment problems and girls with peer problems. An externalizing syndrome was found to be stable between late childhood and early adolescence, increasing the risk of severe maladjustment in adulthood. Internalizing problems showed no clear-cut continuity with adult maladjustment. Results are discussed in relation to the externalizing-internalizing distinction, which to some extent is called in question.

Adjustment Disorders↗