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Biomedical subjects

D Mancia

Publications and source records attributed to D Mancia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Acute sensory and autonomic neuropathy: possible association with coxsackie B virus infection.

This report describes a 26 year old woman with a Coxsackie B virus infection complicated by an acute pandysautonomic and sensory neuropathy. Electrophysiological studies suggested an axonal neuropathy. A sural nerve biopsy performed early in the disease showed axonal degeneration with a virtual absence of unmyelinated fibres and moderate loss of myelinated fibres, mainly affecting the small fibres; this differs from previous reports. An immune-mediated or direct virus action might explain the pathogenesis of this unusual evolution of a viral infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Presurgical electrophysiological findings in acoustic nerve tumours.

The clinical involvement of the facial nerve is a rare finding among the initial symptoms of acoustic neurinomas. However, compression of the facial nerve is a common intraoperative finding. Blink reflex was recorded in 20 patients affected by cerebellar-pontine angle tumor confirmed at surgery. Recordings were also made of the M-response of the facial nerve from the naso-labial folds. In 6 cases jaw reflex was also recorded. In summary, these electrophysiological studies revealed a facial nerve damage in 13 and a trigeminal nerve dysfunction in 2 out of 18 clinically unaffected patients. The combined study of the 3 tests proved to be useful when the blink reflex showed an isolated R1 delay, that is, in cases in which the level of damage along the trigemino-facial reflex arc cannot be defined by the recording of the blink reflex alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Magnetic motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in masseter muscles.

Electromyographic responses of the masseter muscles and orbicularis oris muscles following transcranial magnetic stimulations were recorded with surface and needle electrodes. MEPs in masseter muscles (latency 6.9 +/- 0.71 ms, mean +/- SD) due to activation of controlateral cortico-nuclear connections were evoked by magnetic stimulations at 4 cm laterally to the vertex on the biauricular line. These MEPs were followed bilaterally by a silent period lasting about 20 ms and, less constantly, by a later silent period lasting up to 80 ms. The ipsilateral responses to the same stimuli presented shorter latencies and higher amplitudes and they were ascribed to direct stimulation of the trigeminal nerve, probably its intracisternal portion. Ipsilateral masseter "cortical" MEPs could be elicited only by a lower output setting (70% of the maximum output) of the stimulator. Orbicularis oris MEPs were polyphasic and dispersed with latencies ranging from 7 to 11 ms. In patients with hemispheric or capsular ischemic lesions "cortical" MEPs were absent when stimulating the affected hemisphere and present when stimulating the unaffected one. We suggest that the direct corticomotoneuronal projections for the masseter are mainly crossed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Motor-evoked potentials in masseter muscle by electrical and magnetic stimulation in intact alert man.

The electromyographic responses of the masseter after different types of transcranial stimulation were recorded with surface and needle electrodes. Magnetic stimulation at 4 cm lateral to the vertex on the biauricular line elicited MEPs in the contralateral masseter (latency 6.9 ms) due to activation of motor cortex or adjacent elements along the cortico-nuclear pathway. The ipsilateral responses to the same stimuli and to more lateral ones had shorter latencies and were ascribed to direct stimulation of the trigeminal nerve, probably its intracisternal portion. This was also the probable origin of the ipsilateral MEPs after both anodic and cathodic bipolar electrical stimulation at 7 and 11 cm lateral to the vertex on the biauricular line.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Masseteric responses following electrical stimulation of the scalp].

Electromyographic responses of the masseter muscles following electric transcranial stimulations by a conventional constant current stimulator were recorded with surface and needle electrodes. Ipsilateral motor evoked responses following both anodic and cathodic bipolar electrical stimulations performed at 7 and 11 cm laterally to the vertex on the biauricular line were recorded, with latencies ranging from 2 to 3.6 ms. Contralateral responses were not elicited. The ipsilateral responses to stimuli were ascribed to direct stimulation of the trigeminal nerve, probably its intracisternal portion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Magnetic stimulation of the scalp: the responses of the masseter muscles. I].

Magnetic stimulation of nervous elements is a new neurophysiological technique. It easily succeeds in stimulating the brain motor cortex. We applied this technique to the trigeminal motor system, recording responses in masseter muscles. The magnetic stimulations at 4 cm laterally to the vertex on the biauricular line elicited responses in the contralateral masseter due to activation of motor cortex or adjacent elements along the cortico-nuclear pathway. The ipsilateral responses to the same stimuli and to more lateral ones presented shorter latencies and they were ascribed to direct stimulation of the trigeminal nerve, probably its intracisternal portion. The latency values were 6.9 +/- 0.71 ms and 3.6 +/- 0.3 ms respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Magnetic stimulation of the scalp: the responses of the masseter muscles. II].

Magnetic stimulation of nervous elements is a new technique of investigation in intact alert man. Electromyographic responses of the masseter muscles were recorded in normal volunteers and in two patients with hemispheric or capsular lesions, both by surface and needle electrodes. In the patients "cortical" responses were absent when stimulating the affected hemisphere and present when stimulating the unaffected one. These findings suggest that the direct facilitating cortico-nuclear projections for the masseter muscle are mainly crossed. Nevertheless the presence of clear ipsilateral responses after stimulation of the unaffected hemisphere demonstrates the existence of uncrossed projections; in fact only the ipsilateral motor cortex can be the site of origin of the responses in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Polyneuropathy and systemic vasculitis. An electrophysiological study.

A review of cases of systemic vasculitis followed for one year in a rheumatology department resulted in the detection of 18 patients who on the clinical and electrophysiological evidence had symmetrical distal polyneuropathy. A moderate impairment of the motor conduction velocity was present in 7 patients, with electromyographic neurogenic changes in the distal lower limbs of all but one patient. The sensory action potential of the sural nerve was bilaterally absent in one case, and its amplitude was reduced in 14 out of 16 patients, with a decreased sensory conduction velocity in 9 cases. The sural nerve biopsy, performed in 6 patients, was prevalently suggestive of previous axonal degeneration. This investigation illustrates the spectrum of diffuse peripheral nerve involvement associated with systemic vasculitis. A variable impairment of the sensory action potential, ranging from slight decrease of amplitude to no response, is the most common finding. Conduction velocities appear to be relatively spared.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Clinical-electrophysiological correlations in the carpal tunnel syndrome.

56 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with 84 hands affected were investigated. All patients were assessed clinically and electromyographically in order to find out whether there is a correlation between clinical signs and/or symptoms and the EMG data. A highly significant correlation was found between sensory deficit (hypoesthesia to touch and/or pain) and the amplitude of SAP and a significant correlation between motor deficits (weakness and/or atrophy) and distal motor latency.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

The cyclic alternating pattern as a physiologic component of normal NREM sleep.

The cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) is a long-lasting periodic activity consisting of two alternate electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. This variation in EEG is closely related to fluctuations in the level of arousal that characterize two different functional states in the arousal control mechanism. We studied 20 sleep records of 10 healthy subjects to see if CAP appears under physiologic conditions. During NREM sleep, CAP corresponded to a periodic succession of spontaneous phasic phenomena recurring within every stage, i.e., intermittent alpha rhythm, K-complex sequences, and reactive slow wave sequences. The following analyses were performed. Each EEG specific alternating pattern, defined as a cycle, was subdivided into two phases depending on the arousal response to stimulation. Average cycle length, average duration of each phase, and average ratio phase/cycle were calculated. CAP rate defined as (CAP time/Sleep time) was calculated for total sleep time (TST), (Cap time/TST); for NREM sleep, (CAP time/Total NREM); and for each NREM sleep stage. CAP is the EEG translation of the reorganization of the sleeping brain challenged by the modification of environmental conditions.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1979

Possible interference between migrainous and epileptic mechanisms in intercalated attacks. Case report.

The possibility that epileptic seizures and classic migraine episodes may occur in the same patient is discussed. The probable relationship between the neurophysiological mechanisms which underlie both types of attacks has not yet been agreed upon. The case of a young man who suffered from classic migraine and who presented two convulsive epileptic attacks, preceded by visual aura is described. The EEG showed an epileptogenic occipito-temporal focus which corresponded to the region of the scotoma origin. A possible connection between scotoma in migraine and epileptic discharge is discussed. It is proposed that spreading depression, as the basis of the migraine prodomata, was preceded by a moment of intense neuronal excitation which changed the epileptic intercritical activity into a critical one.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Poligraphy during awakeness and sleep in patients with epilepsia partialis continua].

Report is made of two patients with Epilepsia Partialis Continua (E.P.C.) from brain organic damage (since carcinoma metastasis and localized ischemia). Clinical EEG, neuroradiological and anatomo-pathological and therapeutical problems are dealth with the light of a review on previous papers. The EEG by itself is assumed as a not sufficient neurophysiological mean. Long time poligraphic enregistrations during awakeness and sleep havae, on the contrary, produced interesting data. The continuous and localized more or less rhythmic myoclonus, which are the distinctive feature in the E.P.C., were in both the patients confined to the first two fingers of their hands; the more they decreased the deeper was sleep (phase II and III-IV) and almost disappeared in the REM phase. Thus poligraphic enregistrations for E.P.C. patients are maintained as very significant.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

[Experimental study on hepatic encephalopathy: EEG and blood amino acid findings].

The AA. describe a method of gradual occlusion of the portal vein in the rat to induce a hepatic encephalopaty. This method allows to realise a condition of hepatic ischemia and a portal hypertensive state accompanied by spontaneous portal-systemic shunts. These two factors produce a hepatic encephalopaty like in cirrhotic state or in patients after portal systemic anastomosis. A part from similar behavior at the beginning of the encephalopaty it is possible to define two classes of animals: one showing a slow recovery and one showing a transient and slight improvement followed at the end by the death of the animal. The AA. found a definite correlation amoung the clinica, EEG's, serum aminoacids and biochemical data. Probably the different anatomical and phisiological aspects of the induced portal systemic shunts and the different ways of hepatic rivascularization may determine the two different evolutions of the animals.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

[Epilepsy and the driver's license].

143 older than 18 years epileptic patients have been considered under the concers of their driving licence. The 33,5% of them was already in hold it. Epilepsy was under different clinical forms. The majority of the subjects would suffer from generalized primary suizures, otherwise from partial fits, either elementar or complex. Subjects who already had the licence (37 over 75 men and 15 over 68 women) were presenting most scanty crisis, or since one year had non suffered from any at all. The frequency of crisis was very low for all the patients who had presented epilepsy before beingin permitted to drive; no question had been raised for them. Subjects without licence (25 men over 42 and 18 women over 53) had not been permitted to drive because of their illness. This group was mainly composed by patients either suffering from epilectic cerebropaty from very frequent fits, or from both. It is maintained as reasonable that italian laws conform to those within other E.E.C. countries for what concerns driving licence for epileptics; these patients, whether controlled, are assumed as well capable as accountable in mastering their condition, even when driving.

Adult↗