[Paradoxical pulmonary embolisms with tricuspid valve incarceration syndrome revealing a biatrial thrombus].
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Heart Atria↗
Biomedical subjects
D Metz
Publications and source records attributed to D Metz.
Visualization of myocardial infarction 6 h after injection of 111In-antimyosin antibodies using a blood pool subtraction technique.
111In-antimyosin antibodies are capable of visualizing myocardial infarction (MI). Because of slow blood clearance, images are usually recorded 24 or 48 h postinjection. In this pilot study, a blood pool subtraction technique, which makes it possible to visualize MI 6 h postinjection, is validated. Twenty-five patients with proven MI (16 anterior, 9 inferior) were imaged a few minutes, 6 and 24 h after an injection of 111 MBq 111In-labelled antimyosin antibodies. Three planar views are obtained each time. Using software which performs the geometric registration, the grey level normalization and the subtraction of images, the blood pool image (obtained a few minutes postinjection) is subtracted from the 6 h image. The resulting image is the blood pool corrected 6 h image. The 24 h images and the blood pool corrected 6 h images were interpreted blindly and the number of correct, incorrect and impossible MI localizations was counted. The number of correct localizations is 19/25 for the standard 24 h images and 22/25 for the blood pool corrected 6 h images. Then, with this blood pool subtraction method, it is possible to visualize MI 6 h postinjection. This has to be taken into account when discussing the role of antimyosin scintigraphy in the management of patients with MI.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
[Anaphylactic shock complicated by myocardial infarction: side effect of glaphenine?].
The authors report a case of anaphylactic shock complicated by coronary spasm and infarction attributed to glafenine medication in a 43-year-old male patient. The outcome was positive and coronary angiography showed healthy coronary vessels. The ergonovine maleate was negative. A review of the literature confirms the rarity of this complication of anaphylactic shock and study the ECG changes induced by this type of reaction and to analyze the mechanisms responsible for this coronary spasm in this situation. These consists basically of histamine release and prostaglandin-synthesis inhibition.
Adult↗
[Predictive factors of regularization and maintenance of sinus rhythm in chronic atrial fibrillation].
The aim in treating chronic atrial fibrillation, is not limited to simply achieving immediate regularization. What matters, is sustaining the sinus rhythm. The various methods of regularization, using either medical procedures or cardioversion, involve constraints and risks. Investigation of the relapse predicting factor is of great value in evaluating the benefit/risk ratio. For regularization, the absence ultrasound signs of heart disease, an undilated left atrium, recent atrial fibrillation and all forms of heart disease which are curable, albeit surgically, are indicative of success. With regard to prophylaxis, relapses occur more frequently in cases involving mitral valve disease, long-standing atrial fibrillation or a dilated left atrium.
Age Factors↗
[Massive pulmonary embolism disclosing thrombocytopenia induced by low molecular weight heparin. Therapeutic success of prostacyclin].
The authors report a case of massive pulmonary embolism revealing thrombocytopenia induced by a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) initially proposed for the treatment of superficial phlebitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by in vitro aggregation tests and a fall in the platelet count when the LMWH was reintroduced. The outcome was clinically, angiographically and hematologically satisfactory in response to in situ treatment with prostaglandin, subsequently replaced by Vitamin K antagonists.
Fibrinogen↗
[Comparative study of 4 ultrasonic methods for evaluating the severity of mitral valve narrowing. Apropos of 36 cases].
Four ultrasound methods of estimating the severity of mitral narrowing (MN) were investigated in a prospective manner in 36 patients who underwent ultrasound-Doppler and catheterization (KT) within a space of 24 hours. The correlation of the mean Doppler and KT gradients was poor: r = 0.56 (n = 36, p less than 0.001). The mitral surface areas (MA), calculated from Gorlin's equation (mean A = 0.98 +/- 0.26 cm2) were successively compared with those obtained using the Hatle equation (A = 220/PHT) and by a planimetric determination. The coefficients of correlation were as follows: r = 0.80 (n = 36) and r = 0.70 (n = 32) (p less than 0.001). There was good correlation between the Hatle equation and the planimetric determination: r = 0.80 (n = 32, p less than 0.001). The continuity equation was carried out 15 times; the second measurement site was aortic in 8 cases and pulmonary in 7 cases. Correlations with the Gorlin equation were scored 0.70 and 0.80 respectively (p less than 0.05). The MA was best estimated by the Hatle equation, which was always technically feasible and not influenced by the presence of atrial fibrillation, mitral valve incompetence of previous commissurotomy. Planimetric determination, which is hampered in the presence of considerable calcification, remains valid after commissurotomy. The ultrasound estimation of the MA was very reliable when the planimetric and Hatle estimations concurred. The results obtained from the continuity equation were reliable; however, this method is slow, unreliable in a context of atrial fibrillation and inapplicable in a context of mitral valve incompetence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Spontaneous pneumopericardium. Review of the literature apropos of 2 cases in the young adult].
Pneumopericardium is defined as the presence of air in the pericardial cavity. It is a rare condition in adults, usually due to trauma; it is commoner in the more exposed neonate and usually iatrogenic. The clinical presentation of chest pain and shortness of breath is associated with the pathognomonic auscultatory sign described by Bricheteau: a water-mill bruit. The diagnosis is confirmed by chest X-ray which shows the air-gap sign surrounding the cardiac silhouette. The principal differential diagnosis is a pneumomediastinum. The prognosis of pneumopericardium depends on the cause and complications of which tamponade and infection are the most serious and potentially life-threatening. The treatment of pneumopericardium is bed rest and surveillance when uncomplicated: evacuation of the air becomes necessary when complications set in.
Adolescent↗
[Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of the efficacy of fibrinolytic treatment of pulmonary embolism].
The efficacy of the fibrinolytic therapy in pulmonary embolism was studied by Doppler echocardiography: the evolution of the cardiac and angiographic changes could be studied in parallel. Thirty patients with severe pulmonary embolism and vascular obstruction greater than 40% (67.2 +/- 9.9%) were examined prospectively by Doppler echocardiography before and after thrombolysis. The following parameters were studied: systolic pulmonary artery pressure calculated from the jet of tricuspid regurgitation and left and right ventricular diameters for the calculation of the ratio of the ventricular dimensions. All patients underwent Doppler echocardiography and pulmonary angiography immediately after thrombolysis. The average improvement of the percentage vascular obstruction was 37%. The hemodynamic and echocardiographic changes were globally favourable. The pulmonary artery systolic pressure fell from 51 +/- 10 to 33 +/- 6.7 to 25.3 +/- 6.3 mm and the ratio of ventricular dimension from 0.87 +/- 0.3 to 0.60 +/- 0.16 (p less than 0.001). Only 4 patients had pulmonary artery systolic pressures over 40 mmHg after therapy compared with 26 before therapy. However, the hemodynamic and angiographic correlations were poor (r = 0.37; p less than 0.001). In the 6 patients in whom treatment was ineffective according to angiographic criteria (less than 20% improvement of vascular obstruction), the echocardiographic changes were small or absent, the improvement in the ratio of ventricular dimensions being less than 20%. However, a satisfactory correlation was observed between the percentage improvement of the ratio of ventricular dimensions and that of vascular obstruction (r = 0.59; p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Diagnosis and evaluation of mitral endocarditis complicating obstructive cardiomyopathy using cardiac echo-Doppler].
The authors report a case of mitral endocarditis diagnosed by cardiac echo-Doppler and complicating an obstructive cardiomyopathy (OCM) in a 37-year-old woman. Despite the high degree of sub-aortic obstruction and the existence of an apparently severe mitral leak by Doppler analysis, the patient remained totally asymptomatic and the outcome was favourable with appropriate antibiotics. A review of the literature revealed 11 cases of endocarditis in a context of OCM, documented by echocardiography. Echo-Doppler enables precise evaluation of this grave and often poorly tolerated complication of OCM.
Adult↗
[Therapeutic value of esophageal stimulation. Factors influencing the results in flutter and atrial tachysystole].
The aim of this prospective study was to identify factors predicting the efficacy of atrial stimulation by esophageal route in 57 nonselected patients between 37 and 88 years of age and admitted for intensive care due to flutter or atrial tachycardia. It was impossible to perform the procedure correctly in 4 patients. The restoration of sinus rhythm was achieved in 28.3% of cases at the end of the procedure and in 47.2% of cases after 24 hours. These results were influenced by the duration of the arrhythmia, the underlying cardiopathy and the diameter of the left atrial, but were not affected by the stimulation parameters.
Adult↗
[Postoperative hemopericardium compressing the left atrium. Apropos of 8 cases].
The authors report 8 cases of hemopericardium compressing the left atrium occurring at varying intervals after cardiac surgery. This is an unusual anatomical and classically rare site of pericardial effusion. This type of tamponnade has special clinical features, leading to a picture of subacute left ventricular failure, by interference with filling and typical echocardiographic appearances, with special features in two-dimensional mode and, in TM mode, an abnormal anterior movement of the posterior wall of the left atrium, which is studied. CT scan of the thorax, when performed, confirms this highly specific topographic situation. This type of effusion must be managed surgically as quickly as possible, with an anterior approach, either by left thoracotomy or by midline sternotomy.
Adult↗
[Comparative study of cibenzoline and flecainide administered via an intravenous route in reducing auricular arrhythmia].
The efficacy of intravenous flecainide and cibenzoline acetate in the reduction of atrial rhythm disorders was compared in two groups of 30 patients. These arrhythmias are divided in 31 atrial fibrillation, 11 tachy-systoles, 18 atrial flutters. Parenteral administration of the anti-arrhythmic drug over a 24 hour-period is preceded by a bolus injection of 1.5 mg/kg of flecainide acetate for group I, and a bolus of 1 mg/kg of cibenzoline for group II. The overall efficacy of the two molecules is comparable (53%) as well as the reduction of the atrial fibrillations (65% vs 57%). Flecainide acetate seems more effective in treating effectively atrial tachycardias (66.6% vs 40%), and cibenzoline is more effective in the treatment of atrial flutters (54% vs 14%). The functional, electrical and haemodynamic tolerance has always been good in both group, except in 2 patients, because of the indirect pro-arrhythmic effect of cibenzoline. We are concluding that the efficacy of both molecules is satisfactory and we advocate their use, as first intention, in recent and idiopathic atrial fibrillation; it seems that cibenzoline is more effective on ischemic cardiopathies and flecainide acetate is more effective on valvular cardiopathies. Nevertheless, the possible indirect pro-arrhythmic effect, sometimes poorly tolerated in the first minutes following administration of the bolus, only on organized atrial rhythm disorder, leads us to advocate the prescription of these two drugs when attempts of transesophageal or endocardiac atrial stimulation have failed.
Adult↗
[Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula between the internal mammary artery and the innominate venous trunk. Contribution of digital arteriography in the positive and anatomic diagnosis].
The authors report the case of an arterio-venous fistula between the internal mammary artery and the trunk of the innominate vein following puncture of the internal jugular. The clinical signs of this unusual complication led the authors to list the differential diagnoses which should be considered and to draw attention to the importance of digitalized angiography in anatomical diagnosis.
Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
[Differential analysis of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation by continuous Doppler].
The following parameters have been measured by continuous Doppler in 40 patients with both mitral failure (MF) and tricuspid failure (TF): effusion time (ET), peak time (PT), maximum effusion speed (S. max), maximum anterograde speed (S. ant), taking into account the cardiac rate and the ejection fraction. Only the S. max. and the S. ant. are significantly different and enable the determination of the effusion origin with a percentage error of about 4%. When a straight line is drawn to joint 3.7 m/s on the ordinate (S. ant) and 5 m/s on the abcissa (S. max), the TF lie below the line and the MF above it. The selection of the sub-groups with low ejection fraction (less or equal to 30%) or with arterial pulmonary hypertension (S. max MF higher or equal to 3 m/s) does not modify the precision of the discrimination. The graph suggested seems therefore to be a rapid and reliable means of characterizing TF in order to assess the arterial pulmonary hypertension of dilated hypokinetic cardiomyopathies.
Adult↗
[Postoperative hemopericardium compressing the left atrium. Apropos of a case].
We report a case of tamponade due to an effusion of blood which had occurred two weeks after an aorto-coronary bypass and was unusually located behind the left atrium. The effusion, with severe clinical symptoms, was diagnosed by echocardiography and computerized tomography of the chest. These examinations provided an accurate anatomical diagnosis on which the approach route of the emergency operation was based.
Cardiac Tamponade↗
[Acute dysfunction of mitral bioprosthesis: Doppler expression of a musical holosystolic murmur. Apropos of 2 cases].
Two women who had been fitted with a porcine mitral valve seven years previously suddenly developed acute dysfunction of the bioprosthesis with regurgitation. In both patients physical examination revealed an intense, vibrating, musical holosystolic murmur sounding like a "goose cry" and located at the apex. Pulsed doppler showed major, jet-like, central orothetic mitral regurgitation. A harmonic graph was recorded when the doppler window was positioned upstream of the porcine valve leaflets. The finding of such a doppler signal in this clinical context suggests tearing or perforation of one cuspid and rules out the possibility of bioprosthesis degeneration.
Aged↗
[Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value of Doppler echocardiography in pulmonary embolism. Apropos of 41 cases].
In 41 patients with acute or recent pulmonary embolus (PE), a prospective study was conducted with cardiac Doppler sonography (CDS). The test is performed first in all patients, then immediately following a treatment fibrinolytics in 10 of them. The PE is confirmed by pulmonary angiography in 39 patients and embolectomy for the 2 patients who presented a mobile thrombus in the right atrium. A tricuspid insufficiency (TI) is almost always recorded by continuous Doppler: the systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) is calculated from the maximum velocity of the regurgitating tricuspid flow, using Bernouilli's equation. The correlation between Doppler sPAP and sPAP obtained by catheterization is: r = 0.95 (n = 34; p less than 0.001). A severe pulmonary hypertension, corresponding to a TI exceeding 3.5 m/s is related to a pulmonary migration occurring on a pathological heart. There is a satisfactory relationship between the elevation of the Doppler sPAP and the degree of pulmonary obstruction in the "Pe on healthy heart" population: r = 0.6 (n = 29; p less than 0.001). The dilated right ventricle observed on the sonogram (RV) is proportional to the severity of the angiographic image: correlation between the RV/LV ratio and the percentage of vascular obstruction is r = 0.73 (n = 27; p less than 0.001). The drop in the sPAP and the regression of the symptoms of pulmonary heart noted on CDS after fibrinolysis, correspond to a significant improvement of the pulmonary perfusion. The CDS seems to be absolutely necessary in PE because of the major and reliable informations it provides.
Adult↗
[Ultrasonic diagnosis of biventricular thrombus during the acute phase of myocardial infarction].
The occurrence of a left ventricular thrombus is a classic complication of acute myocardial infarction. On the contrary, this is much less frequent in the right ventricle. The authors report the case of a patient presenting a biventricular thrombus resulting as a complication of an anterior myocardial infarction, diagnosed by bidimensional ultrasonography. The course is characterized by the occurrence of a cerebral vascular accident. The sonogram following this neurological accident shows that the left ventricular thrombus has disappeared, confirming its migration. On the contrary, the right ventricular thrombus regressed under appropriate heparin treatment, without any embolic complication.
Aged↗