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Biomedical subjects

D Montero

Publications and source records attributed to D Montero.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of prenatal exposure to tianeptine on different neurotransmitter receptors and 5-HT-stimulated inositol phosphate formation in rat brain.

Tianeptine, an antidepressant drug enhancing 5-HT uptake, was given to pregnant rats in the last 15 days of gestation and different neurotransmitter receptors as well as 5-HT2 receptor-linked inositol phosphate formation were measured in the brains of the offspring. Prenatal exposure to tianeptine significantly decreased the density of 3H-imipramine binding sites in the cerebral cortex of the pups without affecting beta-adrenoceptors, serotonin 5-HT2 and 5-HT1B receptors or inositol phosphate formation after a 5-HT challenge. Striatal dopamine D2 receptors labelled with 3H-spiroperidol were not changed but an apparent increase in the affinity of dopamine was noticed in the pups prenatally exposed to the drug. The results show that the neurochemical profile of tianeptine markedly differs from that of most antidepressants.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Acute or chronic antidepressants do not modify [125I]cyanopindolol binding to 5-HT1B receptors in rat brain.

Acute or chronic treatment of young or adult rats with chlorimipramine, tianeptine or iprindole, antidepressants with different effects on 5-HT uptake mechanisms, did not modify the density or the affinity of 5-HT1B receptors of the frontal cortex. No significant receptor change was found after prenatal exposure to these antidepressants. The lack of effect of the antidepressants was not related to the density of 5-HT1B receptors, which was significantly lower in younger animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of clomipramine treatment on cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites and platelet 3H-imipramine binding and serotonin uptake and concentration in major depressive disorder.

In an open study of 12 inpatients who met the DSM-III criteria for a major depressive episode, the effects of clomipramine (CI) on the monoamine metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl glycol (HMPG) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured simultaneously with the effects on 3H-imipramine binding, serotonin (5-HT) uptake and 5-HT concentration in platelets after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment. Drug (CI and desmethylclomipramine) plasma concentrations were determined. The concentrations of 5-HIAA and HMPG decreased substantially, and the concentration of HVA remained unchanged. There was also a large and significant reduction of the number of imipramine binding sites (Bmax) and of the platelet 5-HT concentration. The 5-HT uptake was not measurable after 3 weeks of treatment. None of the parameters changed significantly between weeks 3 and 6. There were no significant correlations between antidepressant effect (measured by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and plasma drug concentrations, although a tendency to a significant correlation between antidepressant effect and CI was observed at 3 weeks. There were no significant intercorrelations between the different 5-HT parameters and no other significant correlations between the biochemical measures and clinical outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Differential expression of the jun family members in rat brain.

The transcription factor AP-1 is phorbol ester-regulated and, as such, is considered to be a nuclear target of the signal transduction pathway involving protein kinase C. AP-1 is constituted by the various products of the jun and fos gene family members. These genes belong to the early response class and are inducible in different ways by growth factors, phorbol esters and depolarization. We studied the transcript distribution of c-jun, junB and junD in the rat brain. Our results show that the transcripts for these three genes are differentially distributed in various neuronal tissues. We also provide evidence for developmentally regulated expression of jun genes in post-natal brain. The spatiotemporal pattern of expression of c-jun, junB and junD offers clues to the understanding of the links between gene regulation and neuronal processes.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Down-regulation of 3H-imipramine binding sites in rat cerebral cortex after prenatal exposure to antidepressants.

Several antidepressant drugs were given to pregnant rats in the last 15 days of gestation and 3H-imipramine binding (3H-IMI) was subsequently measured in the cerebral cortex of the offspring. The selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake blockers chlorimipramine and fluoxetine as well as the selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors clorgyline and deprenyl induced, after prenatal exposure, a down-regulation of 3H-IMI binding sites at postnatal day 25. The density of these binding sites was still reduced at postnatal day 90 in rats exposed in utero to the MAO inhibitors. The antidepressants desipramine and nomifensine were ineffective in this respect. After chronic treatment of adult animals, only chlorimipramine was able to down-regulate the 3H-IMI binding sites. Consequently, prenatal exposure of rats to different antidepressant drugs affecting predominantly the 5-HT systems induces more marked and long-lasting effects on cortical 3H-IMI binding sites. The results suggest that the developing brain is more susceptible to the actions of antidepressants.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Effects of fluoxetine treatment of platelet 3H-imipramine binding, 5-HT uptake and 5-HT content in major depressive disorder.

Platelet 3H-imipramine binding, serotonin (5-HT) uptake and 5-HT concentrations were studied in 14 hospitalized patients with depressive disorder following 6 weeks of treatment with a selective 5-HT uptake blocker, fluoxetine. After 3 weeks of treatment there was a significant decrease in Bmax of 3H-imipramine binding and a significant increase in Kd. A highly significant decrease in Vmax of 5-HT uptake was seen after 3 weeks of treatment which was accompanied by a slight increase in Km. At the same time the platelet 5-HT content was significantly reduced by about 90% of its original level. The platelet 5-HT content continued to decrease with further treatment while there was a tendency for Vmax to return to pretreatment levels. The affinity of the 5-HT uptake carrier continued to decrease significantly. There was no further significant change in Bmax of 3H-imipramine binding during further treatment, although there was an increase in Bmax in the majority of patients. The changes in Bmax and Vmax were closely associated throughout the treatment. In some cases the changes in different platelet parameters correlated with the changes in depression rating scores during treatment, but this correlation did not reach statistical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Circadian variation of platelet 3H-imipramine binding, platelet serotonin content, and plasma cortisol in healthy volunteers.

Platelet 3H-imipramine binding, platelet serotonin content, and plasma cortisol were measured in 10 healthy female volunteers. Samples were taken on 5 occasions with a 6-hr interval during a 24-hr period within 1 week in May. Although there were individual variations in the biochemical parameters over a 24-hr period, we could not establish a clear common circadian rhythm for all subjects in platelet 3H-imipramine binding and platelet serotonin concentrations. During the night, there was a significant decrease in Bmax values and a slight, but not significant, increase in serotonin concentrations. A distinct circadian rhythm was obtained for plasma cortisol, with lowest values during the night.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of antidepressant treatments on platelet tritiated imipramine binding in major depressive disorder.

The effects of four antidepressant treatments on platelet tritiated imipramine binding have been studied in 51 hospitalized patients with severe major depressive disorder. There was an increase in maximum binding (Bmax) during the first week of treatment with antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy, which was further magnified after three weeks' treatment with the serotonin uptake blockers alaproclate and zimeldine hydrochloride, but the Bmax values returned to baseline levels with nortriptyline hydrochloride and electroconvulsive therapy. The equilibrium dissociation affinity constant (Kd) did not change with any of the treatments. On reexamination one or two years after admission to the study, Bmax had not reached control values in clinically recovered, drug-free patients. Low pretreatment Bmax was associated with delusions during illness and with a poor long-term clinical outcome. There was no correlation between binding parameters and monoamine metabolite concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid, either before or during treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of prazosin and yohimbine on systolic blood pressure and on renal norepinephrine content in DOCA-salt rats.

We studied the effect of alpha-1 and alpha-2 blockers (prazosin and yohimbine) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and on renal norepinephrine (NE) content in Sprague-Dawley normotensive and DOCA-salt rats. The administration of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) to these rats for 6 weeks increased their SBP from 137 to 183 mmHg (p less than .001). This increase was prevented by simultaneous administration of prazosin (p less than .001), yohimbine (p less than .01), or prazosin + yohimbine (p less than .001). DOCA rats on saline and on yohimbine had lower renal NE content (p less than .05 and p less than .001, respectively) than normotensive rats. Renal NE content of DOCA rats on yohimbine decreased with respect to those treated with prazosin (p less than .001) or prazosin + yohimbine (p less than .05). Besides, renal NE content of DOCA rats on prazosin increased when compared to control DOCA rats (p less than .05). However, these drugs showed no effect on SBP and on renal NE content in normotensive rats. These findings further confirm that the alpha adrenoceptor blockade can prevent the hypertension of DOCA-salt rats in such a way that their blood pressure stabilizes at similar levels to those observed in normotensive treated animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lower 3H-imipramine binding in platelets from untreated depressed patients compared to healthy controls.

3H-Imipramine binding in platelets was measured in 63 severely depressed hospitalized patients, who had been drug free (with the exception of moderate doses of benzodiazepines) for at least 1 month, and in 53 healthy control subjects of comparable age and sex distribution. Bmax of 3H-imipramine binding was significantly lower in the depressed subjects (1012 +/- SD 295 vs. 1123 +/- SD 178 fmole/mg protein). Depressed patients who had attempted suicide by violent means tended to have higher Bmax than nonviolent attempters.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The elderly Japanese American: aging among the first generation immigrants.

The present paper examined the social disengagement theory, which suggests that older people often do not wish to maintain the same level of immersion in social relations as their age increases. The theory suggests that a voluntary, mutual withdrawal takes place on the part of the elderly and the rest of society. The study is based upon a national random sample of 1002 first generation Japanese Americans (Issei). The Issei were interviewed by bilingual Japanese American interviewers. The sample included 66% men and 34% women, whose median ages were 76 and 71 years, respectively, and whose median number of school years completed in Japan was eight. The paper examined a series of indicators of Issei social participation--visiting patterns with friends and relatives, interest in political affairs, and membership in voluntary organizations--to determine whether there was a differential level of social participation by age or sex. The results of the study indicated some support for the social disengagement thesis. The findings indicated that age is inversely related to social participation. One notable exception to this general pattern was found: visiting with Issei's children does not decrease with age. Findings are discussed in light of the theoretical implications of the social disengagement thesis for future research among racial and cultural minorities.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[The effectiveness of the new corticoid A 41 304. Evaluation by means of a graphic presentation].

In an intra-individual, symetrical comparative study, the efficacy of a new corticoid of external use-A 41 304- was compared to that of a preparation of reknown effect. Fluocinolon-acetonide. The treatment included 25 patients with bilateral symetrical lesions of Psoriasis, in their majority of prolonged, continuous and not regressive development. Furthermore, the study included 13 patients with eczematoid dermatits. A graphic method of evaluation was employed, which permitted an integrated study of the intensity, the rapidity and the duration of the morbistatic effect of the preparations. Under the conditions of the clinical experimentation which were applied, the new preparation (A 41 304) proved to be more effective than Fluocinolone-acetonide. The characteristics of the new graphic method of evaluation are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Safety of meningococcal A and C vaccine. Data from the Spanish drug surveillance system. Meningococcal Vaccine Research Group of the Spanish System of Drug Surveillance].

OBJECTIVE: Data on meningococcal vaccines safety are scanty. In 1997 several vaccination campaign took place in Spain. Thus, this situation was used to improve our knowledge about the safety profile of this vaccine. METHODS: An inquiry was carried out to the Regional Centers of the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System to know the number of vaccinated people and the type and number of suspected cases of adverse reactions. RESULTS: There were 133 identified cases of suspected adverse reactions associated with meningococcal A and C vaccine until June 1st, 1998. Most of them affected the skin (25,3%) or nervous system (similar proportion). Those of allergic reactions accounted for 35,2%. Two cases were considered as severe, although they were resolved without secuelae. CONCLUSIONS: Serious risks were not detected. The Spanish Pharmacosurveillance System as an epidemiological surveillance resource has been useful to know the safety problems associated with antimeningococcal vaccine in the community.

Adolescent↗