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D Munro

Publications and source records attributed to D Munro.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica typhimurium DT104 isolates and investigation of strains with transferable apramycin resistance.

An examination of salmonella isolates collected by the Scottish Agricultural College Veterinary Services Division from April 1994 to May 1995 was conducted to determine the extent to which Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phage type 104 (DT104) occurred and to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates. Typhimurium DT104 was the predominant salmonella and was isolated from nine species of animal. All isolates of this phage type possessed resistance to at least one antimicrobial and 98% of the isolates were resistant to multiple antimicrobials with R-type ACTSp the predominant resistance pattern. Various other resistance patterns were identified and transferable resistance to the veterinary aminoglycoside antimicrobial apramycin was demonstrated in three strains. A retrospective study for gentamicin resistance in isolates from the Scottish Salmonella Reference Laboratory collection revealed a human isolate of Typhimurium DT104 resistant to gentamicin but sensitive to apramycin and a bovine isolate with apramycin and gentamicin resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Breast feeding practices and severe hyperbilirubinaemia.

This study establishes the association between early onset severe hyperbilirubinaemia (serum bilirubin (SBR) level greater than or equal to 272 mumol/L) with no assigned cause and breast feeding. The rates of breast feeding at hospital discharge increased from 46.4 to 75.4% in non-insured (public) women and 58.6 to 89.2% in insured (private) women between 1975 and 1987, and were accompanied by an increase in severe hyperbilirubinaemia from 1.6 to 3.1% in public and 0.9 to 3.6% in private babies. The case control study involved 125 term breast feeding infants born between 1 July 1985 and 1 July 1986 with severe hyperbilirubinaemia (SBR level 272 mumol/L) with no assigned cause who were compared with 125 matched controls who had peak SBR levels less than or equal to 272 mumol/L. Severe hyperbilirubinaemia was associated with primiparous and non-Caucasian mothers, non-smoking and oxytocin usage. Univariate analysis of feeding practice variables revealed that less frequent breast feeds, greater weight loss and less frequent stools over the first 3 days related to severe hyperbilirubinaemia (P less than 0.05). Multivariate analysis of the eight significant univariate factors revealed that maternal non-smoking, less frequent breast feeding, less frequent stooling and excessive infant weight loss were the best predictors of severe hyperbilirubinaemia. With the wide promotion of breast feeding, the contribution of individual feeding practices to severe hyperbilirubinaemia demands ongoing analysis and review.

Australia↗
PubMed1985

The incidence and significance of salmonella carriage by gulls (Larus spp.) in Scotland.

Salmonella carriage in 5888 gulls sampled by cloacal lavage was found to be 7.8%. Marked geographical and seasonal differences in carriage rates were found. These differences appeared to be associated with human population density and seasonal differences in the reported incidence of human salmonellosis. The maximum duration of salmonella excretion in 17 laboratory-maintained gulls was 4 days and the number of salmonellae excreted was never more than 170 per gram of faeces. On the basis of this study it is suggested that gulls are not important factors in the aetiology of human salmonellosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of enrichment media for the isolation of salmonellae from seagull cloacal swabs.

The relative efficiency of three selective enrichment broths (Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate. Rappaport's and selenite F) was investigated for the isolation of salmonellae from seagull cloacal swabs. Pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water was employed throughout the study, which involved the examination of 560 gulls, sixty (10.7%) of which were found to be carrying salmonellae. Rappaport's broth as modified by Vassiliadis for incubation at 43 degrees C (Vassiliadis et al. 1976) yielded the highest number of positive swabs (57) and the widest range of serotypes. It was significantly more efficient that either selenite F or tetrathionate broth, although the results obtained with Rappaport's broth incubated at 37 and 43 degrees C did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.5). Eleven serotypes were isolated during the study, the most prevalent being Salmonella virchow.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of procedures for the isolation of campylobacters from seagull faeces.

Two enrichment broths (Preston and Roman & Doyle's) and four solid media (Preston, Skirrow's, Butzler's and Blaser's) were compared to determine their relative efficiencies in recovering campylobacters from 389 freshly voided seagull faeces, 276 of which were found to contain campylobacters by one or more of the procedures used. A combination of enrichment in Preston medium followed by plating on to Preston agar gave the highest number of isolates (263). Enrichment in fluid media was shown to be an important part of the technique, as only 85 (30.8%) of the 276 isolations were made as a result of direct plating. Very little difference was seen between the two forms of enrichment (P greater than 0.5) but of the four selective media, Butzler's was significantly less efficient than any of the other three (P less than 0.01), because it failed to grow more than a few strains of Campylobacter coli and the NARTC group, which together made up nearly two-thirds of the total number od Campylobacter spp. isolated.

Agar↗
PubMed1983

Local-regional treatment of patients with simultaneous local-regional recurrence and distant metastases following mastectomy.

High-dose, large volume local-regional irradiation has been shown to be necessary in patients with local-regional recurrence of breast cancer without coexisting distant metastases; however, no studies exist that deal with the dose and volume of local-regional irradiation required for patients with both local-regional recurrence and distant metastases. This report is an analysis of 68 patients who presented with previously untreated local-regional recurrence and coexisting distant metastases. Thirty-five of these patients were treated with local-regional irradiation and systemic therapy; the remaining 33 patients received systemic therapy only. An analysis of the dose and volume in the 35 irradiated patients showed that if the irradiation was inadequate (dose less than 4500 rad and volume not large enough to encompass the entire involved site), the incidence of uncontrolled local-regional disease for the duration of life was 79%, similar to the 64% rate of uncontrolled local-regional disease in the 33 patients not receiving local-regional irradiation. On the other hand, if the dose to the recurrence was at least 4500 rad and if the field was large enough to encompass the entire site containing the recurrence, the incidence of uncontrolled local-regional disease for the duration of life was only 27%. The present study also suggests that local-regional irradiation may be indicated in patients with asymptomatic as well as symptomatic local-regional disease. In patients with distant metastases and initially asymptomatic local-regional disease, adequate irradiation resulted in a lower incidence of ultimate local-regional symptoms when compared to similar patients who were treated with inadequate or no local-regional irradiation. This difference was not quite statistically significant because of the small number of patients in each group.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

An unusual sequel to imported Salmonella zanzibar.

In August, 1980 a rare serotype S. zanzibar was isolated in the North of Scotland from a man home on leave from Malaysia, whence he returned in November having been bacteriologically negative 2 months previously. In December however, S. zanzibar was isolated from a bulk milk sample taken at a nearby dairy farm. No illness occurred among milking cows which had been brought inside from pasture in mid-October. Since 1972 a variety of different salmonella serotypes had been identified in cattle, milk and other samples at this farm, with seagulls being implicated as the vector transmitting infection from the sewage of a local town on to farmland and an adjacent loch. Although water from this source has not been used in recent years for drinking by cattle, it is utilized for washing floors within the dairy premises. Since 1979, following an outbreak affecting consumers, all milk produced at the farm has been pasteurized.

Animals↗