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Biomedical subjects

D Munz

Publications and source records attributed to D Munz.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Coping styles of pregnant women after prenatal ultrasound screening for fetal malformation.

OBJECTIVE: Ultrasound is a widespread noninvasive method of prenatal diagnosis. The detection of fetal abnormalities can provoke anxiety, which needs coping. The coping process of pregnant women with different risk conditions for fetal abnormality were studied in a longitudinal design and compared with a nonrisk control group of women with healthy uncomplicated pregnancies. METHODS: The coping strategies of women (n=664) during the second trimester were assessed with a questionnaire [Heim E, Augustiny KF, Blaser A, Schaffner L. Berner Bewältigungsformen (BEFO) Handbuch. Bern: Huber, 1991]. Data were collected at three points in time: immediately before the ultrasound scanning for fetal malformation, at 5-6 and 10-12 weeks after the prenatal ultrasound examination. Questionnaires were also used to collect information about sociodemographic data, anxiety, pregnancy data and personality. RESULTS: The analysis of the coping strategies of women with high-risk pregnancies (n=497) and as well of these with no-risk conditions in the control group (n=167) revealed three different factors of coping: Factor I: positive emotional attitude/distance, Factor II: negative emotional attitude/disapproval and Factor III: active coping. At all three points in time, Factor I correlated significantly with anxiety decrease, Factor II with increase and Factor III did not correlate with anxiety at all. CONCLUSIONS: Women with risk-pregnancies used coping strategies similar to those women in the control-group. Different spectrums of coping strategies corresponded significantly to increasing or decreasing anxiety. These women with high levels of anxiety, especially, should be offered sensitive care or psychotherapeutic counseling, as their coping processes did not lead to successful coping in the form of a reduction in anxiety.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

[Fracture analysis of a ceramic liner. Is in hip endoprosthesis replacement of ceramic on ceramic components with only one of the corresponding partners justified?].

The good biomechanical and tribological properties, together with the excellent biocompatibility, of ceramic-on-ceramic components, make them a preferential choice for total hip replacement surgery, at least in Europe. We report on a man admitted as an outpatient with painless grating in the hip one year after replacement of a ceramic femoral head, but not of the ceramic inlay. Clinical and radiological findings were indicative of a broken liner. This was confirmed during revision surgery, during which it was replaced by a polyethylene inlay; although the ceramic head appeared intact, it was replaced by a metal head. Inspection of the surface of the broken liner in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed signs of material failure. We recommend careful inspection of ceramic-on-ceramic articulating components during total hip revision surgery and if there is any uncertainty, replacement of both so as to avoid premature failure.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Increased benzodiazepine receptor density in the prefrontal cortex in patients with panic disorder.

There are published studies concerning a regionally changed function of GABA-benzodiazepine-receptor-complexes in anxiety disorder. These studies implicate the limbic lobe, the brainstem and the prefrontal cortex. Using 123I-Iomazenil and single photon emission tomography (SPET) we investigated the benzodiazepine receptor density in twelve patients with panic disorder who had never been treated with benzodiazepines before. Nine age- and sex-matched volunteers who were free of mental illness served as controls. Patients with panic disorder showed a significant increase of benzodiazepine receptor binding in the right supraorbital cortex and a trend to an increased uptake in the right temporal cortex. There was no correlation between receptor density and scores on Spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory in the patient group. Since the findings cannot be explained by benzodiazepine exposure we hypothesize an upregulation due to functional or neuroanatomic changes (at least) in the frontotemporal cortex.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnosis by endomyocardial biopsy: angina pectoris as a manifestation of lupus erythematosus].

A 64-year-old female patient with a prosthetic mitral valve suffered from recurrent typical angina and dyspnea. Left heart catheterization excluded a dysfunction of the prosthesis and coronary artery disease (CAD). A stress thallium scan demonstrated an ischemic reaction. An antimyosin scintigram was positive, indicating myocytal membrane disruption. Serological tests were suspicious for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Therefore, an endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) was performed and a severe alteration of an intramyocardial artery, comparable with chronic SLE, was diagnosed. EMB is a useful diagnostic tool in patients with typical chest pain, positive thallium and anti-myosin scintigrams, however exclusion of CAD.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1984

[Significance of gallium scintigraphy in tumors and granulomatosis of the skin].

Scintigraphy with gallium has proved useful as a screening method for the diagnosis of certain malignant tumors and systemic diseases. One single scintigraphic investigation is able to detect almost all organs of a man. We checked this radiopharmacon with regard to its usefulness in dermatology. Gallium scintigraphy shows high sensitivity concerning verification and localization of metastases of malignant melanome as well as B- and T-cell lymphomas. Moreover, gallium is effective in controlling the therapie of sarcoidosis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

[Changes in reaction potentials in neurotic depression].

An investigation, comparing the event related potential (ERP) of depressive patients and a control group is presented. The components N100, P200, N200 and P300 have been recorded during the Stroop colour-word-interference test. The task is to name the colour of a colour word presented in a different colour, to read the word of an achromatic colour word and to name the colour of colour strips. The reaction time to name the colour or the word resulted in a general retardation for the patients with neurotic depression in comparison to the control group. The components of the acoustic evoked potentials, recorded after a warning stimulus S1, 4 s before the single Stroop stimuli showed no differences in amplitude or latency. The visual evoked potentials, associated to the Stroop stimuli showed, in case of the neurotic depressive patients an increase of the P300-amplitude. This result is interpreted as an increased cognitive effort of the patients in case of the employed experimental approach.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMed1983

Functional studies of sessile macrophages in liver and spleen of psoriatics.

In 24 psoriatics of either sex aged between 22 and 84 years, functional analysis of sessile macrophages in liver and spleen revealed an accelerated metabolic elimination of Tc-99m labeled human serum albumin millimicrospheres. In psoriatics treated with aromatic retinoid, macrophage activity in liver and spleen was found to be normalized compared to the group of systemically nontreated psoriatics. 3 psoriatics with cirrhosis of the liver demonstrated an unequivocally delayed tracer accumulation in liver and splenic macrophages, the former showing decelerated phagocytosis and proteolysis of ingested albumin particles. The method used allows measuring of phagocytic and proteolytic properties of tissue-fixed macrophages in psoriatics as well as assessing the therapeutic effects of systemically administered drugs on macrophage functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Growth and development of full-term nonasphyxiated small-for-gestational-age newborns: follow-up through adolescence.

Previous studies of growth and development in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants have been plagued by several methodologic defects, including a lack of control for socioeconomic status and parental height and an inability to distinguish among the effects of prematurity, neonatal asphyxia, and intrauterine growth retardation. An attempt has been made to overcome these defects in a study of 33 full-term, nonasphyxiated small-for-gestational-age neonates born between 1960 and 1966 and 33 matched control infants of normal birth weight. The infants were followed up and compared for physical growth and sexual, neurologic, and cognitive development at ages 13 to 19 years. Significant deficits in height, weight, and head circumference were found among the SGA cohort, even after statistical adjustment for differences in socioeconomic status and parental height. Sexual development and bone age were not delayed in the SGA group, however, indicating that the deficits in growth are permanent. On neurologic and cognitive testing, the SGA group had trends toward lower scores but scores were well within the normal range. It is concluded that full-term nonasphyxiated SGA infants have an impaired potential for physical growth, but a good prognosis for neurologic and cognitive development. Previous findings of more severe cognitive deficits are attributed to a failure to distinguish the effects of isolated intrauterine growth retardation from effects due to asphyxia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Morphological and functional changes in the reticuloendothelial system in psoriatics].

99mTc-HSA-MM proved to be a valuable agent for both bone marrow visualisation and exploration of the phagocytic and proteolytic function of the RES-macrophages in psoriatic patients. 24 psoriatics and 24 normal healthy adults were examined. 18 (75%) of the psoriatics studied demonstrated peripheral extension of the bone marrow space, whereas this phenomenon could not be observed in normal subjects. The phagocytic and proteolytic turnover of 99mTc HSA-MM in liver, spleen and bone marrow was found to be accelerated in 66% (n = 12) of the systemically untreated persons. Six psoriatics treated systemically with aromatic retinoid for a longer period showed 2x a delayed and 4x a normal turnover; three patients with cirrhosis of liver showed in each case a delayed turnover of HSA-MM - Human Serum Albumin-Millimicrospheres.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Initial clinical experiences with heterotopic autotransplantation of the spleen].

Since April 1980 ruptured spleens have been removed in seven patients (6-43 years old) and reimplanted into the omentum majus using a new operative technique. This procedure took about 15 min. Two patients died because of associated trauma to other organs. There were no complications due to this autologous, heterotopic transplantation. Four months after the operation elektrophoresis of immunglobulins, Howell-Jolly bodies and "pitted" RBCs were totally normalized. A 99mTc-scintigram with human albumin-millimicrospheres showed an intact phagocytosis and ingestion by the transplant. Therefore, good protection against infection is to be expected. The heterotopic autotransplantation of the spleen should be used in cases of splenic trauma if the clinical situation demands total splenectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Migration pattern of splenic lymphocytes after local labelling of the pig spleen with 3H-cytidine.

In normal young pigs splenic lymphocytes were selectively labelled by injecting tritiated cytidine into a splenic artery. 10 h later several lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs were investigated for spleen-derived lymphocytes by autoradiography. The relative and absolute organ distribution of the labelled cells was determined. Labelled lymphocytes appeared rapidly in the peripheral blood reaching a mean labelling index of 4.8%. More splenic lymphocytes were found in thymus dependent areas than in thymus independent areas of lymphoid organs. Nearly 40% of all emigrated lymphocytes homed to lymph nodes and only about 1% in the thymus. A surprisingly high number of splenic lymphocytes were located in the bone marrow and the lung.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Contraceptive knowledge and practice among undergraduates at a Canadian university.

A total of 509 undergraduate students aged 17 to 23 years, were tested to assess the adequacy of their knowledge of methods of birth control. A level of adequate knowledge was arbitrarily defined a priori as one standard deviation below the mean score of a random sample of second-year medical students, who were assumed to have more than adequate knowledge on the basis of prior courses in reproductive physiology and human sexuality. Of the undergraduate population sampled, 34 per cent were found to have inadequate knowledge. This population is in need of birth control information. Of nonvirgins in the sample, 20.2 per cent risk unwanted pregnancy, the majority (78.3 per cent) in spite of adequate knowledge. This suggests that lack of motivation, rather than purely lack of information, is an important factor contributing to the unwanted pregnancy rate of the college student population.

Adolescent↗