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D Muth

Publications and source records attributed to D Muth.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Epidemiological features of and public health response to a St. Louis encephalitis epidemic in Florida, 1990-1.

A St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) epidemic in Florida during 25 weeks in 1990-1, resulted in 222 laboratory-diagnosed cases, an attack rate in the 28 affected counties of 2.25/100,000. Disease risk rose with advanced age, to 17.14/100,000 in persons over 80 years, and all 14 fatal cases were in persons over 55 years (median, 70 years). Community serosurveys in Indian River County, the epicenter of the outbreak (attack rate 21/100,000), showed acute asymptomatic infections in 3.6% of the persons surveyed, with higher rates in persons with outdoor occupational exposure (7.4%) and in clients of a shelter for the indigent (13.3%). A matched case-control study found that evening outdoor exposure for more than 2 h was associated with an increased risk for acquiring illness (odds ratio [OR] 4.33, 95% CI 1.23-15.21) while a number of recommended personal protective measures were protective. Four SLE patients were dually infected with Highlands J virus, the first reported cases of acute infection with this alphavirus. The case-control study provided the first evidence that a public education campaign to reduce exposure had a protective effect against acquiring the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Genotoxicity of p-nitrocinnamaldehyde and related alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in two bacterial assays.

Seventeen cinnamaldehydes, cinnamic acids, 2-furylacroleins and related compounds were tested in the Salmonella preincubation reversion assay and in the SOS chromotest. Of eight compounds containing nitrogroups, seven were clearly mutagenic in the presence of S9 mix and six in its absence; whereas none of the parent compounds not containing a nitrogroup and none of the congeners containing chlorine, methoxy or amino groups were mutagenic. Metabolic epoxidation was excluded in additional experiments using SKF525, an inhibitor of mono-oxygenases, and trichloropropene oxide, an inhibitor of epoxide hydrolases. Less or no mutagenicity was found in the nitroreductase deficient strains Salmonella typhimurium TA100NR or TA98NR and in the O-acetyltransferase deficient strains TA100/1,8-DNP6 or TA98/1,8-DNP6 except with 5-nitro-2-furylacrolein which exhibited decreased mutagenicity in TA100NR when compared with TA100 but the highest mutagenicity in TA100/1,8-DNP6. Less or no genotoxic activity was found in the SOS chromotest when using the nitroreductase deficient Escherichia coli strain PQ253 whereas all seven compounds tested were positive in strain PQ37. The results demonstrate the importance of the nitro group and that the compounds are activated either by bacterial nitroreductase or by the nitroreductase in the S9 mix. A chemical activation of the acrolein moiety by the negative inductive effect of the nitro group is unlikely. The genotoxicity of the cinnamyl compounds is dependent on the position of the nitro group in the phenyl ring. The genotoxicities of the p-nitro compounds were about two orders of magnitude higher than those of the ortho and meta congeners. The comparison between the Ames test and the SOS chromotest showed good agreement.

Acrolein↗
PubMed1990

All that wheezes.

New onset wheezing in the young child can present an interesting differential diagnostic challenge, especially when there is an atypical presentation of a foreign body lodged in the airway. A thorough history and physical examination helps, but one must remember that a foreign body in the trachea or esophagus can masquerade as a respiratory illness. The chest x-ray is a useful part of the evaluation process. A high degree of suspicion is necessary on the part of the physician to remember that "all that wheezes is not asthma," even in the absence of a history of aspiration of a foreign body.

Bronchi↗