Biomedical subjects
D N Dederich
Publications and source records attributed to D N Dederich.
Laser/tissue interaction.
When laser light impinges on tissue, it can reflect, scatter, be absorbed, or transmit to the surrounding tissue. Absorption controls to a great degree the extent to which reflection, scattering and transmission occur, and wavelength is the primary determinant of absorption. The CO2 laser is consistently absorbed by most materials and tissues and the Nd-YAG laser wavelength is preferentially absorbed in pigmented tissues. The factors which determine the initial tissue effect include the laser wavelength, laser power, laser waveform, tissue optical properties, and tissue thermal properties. There are almost an infinite number of combinations of these factors possible, many of which would result in unacceptable damage to the tissues. This underscores the need to thoroughly test any particular combination of these factors on the conceptual, in-vitro, and in-vivo level before a treatment is offered.
Dental lasers and science.
We have attempted to accomplish two purposes in this article. First, we have presented the case that extensive scientific investigation must form the base of our profession, that it must be an ongoing, continuous process and that laser dentistry must be developed through extensive scientific inquiry--as all of our treatment modalities should be. Second, we have presented many examples of the science involved in the development of laser dentistry. Lasers do have far-reaching potential for application to dentistry. We, as a profession, must insist that such laser development is done properly, not foisted upon us based on anecdotal reports and incomplete research.
Comparative bactericidal exposures for selected oral bacteria using carbon dioxide laser radiation.
Although relatively high CO2 laser energies have been shown to sterilize root canals, the response of several bacterial strains to decreasing exposures of CO2 laser energy remains unknown. Freshly grown bacterial cells were irradiated on glass microscope coverslips. A comparison of equivalent energy exposures with differing parameters was made on the bacterial viability. No statistically significant difference was found in the energy required to kill closely related bacterial species. However, the energy density required to kill greater than 99.5% of the bacteria is less than 200 J/cm2, much less than that shown to sterilize in a previous study.
The effect of rubber cup vs an air-powder abrasive system on root surfaces.
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Lasers in dentistry. "Star wars". Dreaming or a future reality?
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The effects of cyclical axial motion on rotary endodontic instrument fatigue.
A potential problem with the use of rotary engine-driven files to flare canals is metal fatigue and subsequent breakage. This study analyzes the effects of cyclical axial motion on instrument failure by fatigue testing of endodontic files with and without cyclical axial motion. Eighteen new instruments, sizes 15 to 45, were mounted in a lathe and turned at 1650 rpm in the lubricated lumen of a curved Pyrex capillary tube until failure occurred. Nine instruments of each size were turned with cyclical axial motion and nine were turned without it. The results indicated that cyclical axial motion can significantly extend the life span of rotary engine files. Torsional forces were not considered in this study.
Bactericidal action of carbon dioxide laser radiation in experimental dental root canals.
The ability of a carbon dioxide laser to sterilize the root canal of human teeth has been investigated. Three oral bacteria, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans, and Actinomyces viscosus, and three other bacteria, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as experimental organisms. Exposure of cells on glass slides to laser radiation showed there was little difference in the exposure required to kill these six organisms. Complete recovery of bacteria from the root canal was initially a problem and was only achieved when bacterial manipulations and removal were carried out in rapid succession, within 5 min of inoculation. However, the geometry of the instrumented canal and the laser alignment were major factors in achieving consistent cell death of oral bacteria in the root canals. Using sets of 10 teeth, four repeated exposures of 10 W for 1 s was found to sterilize 4 or more of the teeth.