Analgetics. Esters of 3-pyrrolidinemethanols.
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Alcohols↗
Biomedical subjects
D N Johnson
Publications and source records attributed to D N Johnson.
Toxicological evaluation of mu-agonists. Part I: Assessment of toxicity following 30 days of repeated oral dosing of male and female rats with levo-alpha-acetylmethadol HCl (LAAM).
This study evaluated levo-alpha-acetylmethadol hydrochloride (LAAM), a long-acting morphine-like (mu) agonist approved in 1993 to treat opiate dependence. Sprague-Dawley rate (20/sex/group) were gavaged with doses of 3.0-33.5 mg kg-1 for 30 days followed by a 14-day drug-free recovery period. Treatment-related effects included dose-dependent CNS depression, decreased food consumption and body weight gain, reddish urine and abdominal staining. Tolerance developed by day 7. Mortality was dose-dependent; deaths occurred predominantly during the first week. Increased alanine aminotransferase (SGOT, AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), observed only in high-dose males, were associated with findings in liver. Decreases in spleen/brain weight and increases in brain/body weight ratios were seen in both sexes. Decreases in weights of heart, liver and kidney achieved statistical significance only for high-dose groups. Kidneys of mid- and high-dose groups displayed intertubular mineral/crystal deposition, focal corticomedullary mineralization and focal regenerative tubular epithelium. Centrilobular hypertrophy was observed in livers of high-dose males and mid- and high-dose females. Following the recovery period, decreased body weights and increased brain/body weight ratios occurred in mid-dose males and low-dose females. Weights of liver and kidney and organ/brain weight ratios were decreased in mid-dose males. Histopathological findings observed in kidneys and livers had abated. In summary, acute and repeated administration of LAAM produced a spectrum of activity consistent with its profile as a long-acting pure mu-agonist which stimulates microsomal enzymes in rodents. Renal and hepatic effects seen in initially drug-naive rats treated with morphine-type agonists are not observed in tolerant individuals stabilized on mu-agonists to treat opiate dependence.
Administration, Oral↗
AHR-12245: a potential anti-absence drug.
AHR-12245, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3H-imadazo[4,5-b]pyridine-3-acetamid, ethosuximide, Na valproate, phenytoin, and clonazepam were evaluated in mice and rats with a battery of well-standardized anticonvulsant test procedures. The results obtained indicate that the anticonvulsant profile of AHR-12245 is similar to that for ethosuximide and clonazepam. AHR-12245 is effective in nontoxic intraperitoneal doses in mice by the maximal electroshock seizure (MES), pentylenetatrazol (s.c. PTZ), bicuculline, and picrotoxin tests but ineffective against strychnine-induced seizures; it is effective after nontoxic oral doses in both mice and rats by the s.c. PTZ test and ineffective by the MES test. The candidate antiepileptic substance was also ineffective against seizures induced in amygdala and corneally kindled rats. The PIs for AHR-12245 by the s.c. PTZ test were 4.5 to 12 times higher than those for the prototype agents, except that for clonazepam when administered orally in mice. The in vitro studies indicate that AHR-12245 is a weak inhibitor of benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptor binding but does inhibit adenosine uptake. These results indicate that AHR-12245 is a relatively nontoxic agent with a profile of anticonvulsant action which suggests it should be useful in generalized absence seizures.
Animals↗