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Biomedical subjects

D Nagin

Publications and source records attributed to D Nagin.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Predicting girls' conduct disorder in adolescence from childhood trajectories of disruptive behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: To examine girls' developmental trajectories of disruptive behaviors during the elementary school years and to predict conduct disorder symptoms and diagnosis in adolescence with trajectories of these behaviors. METHOD: The sample was 820 girls from the province of Quebec followed over 10 years (1986-1996). A semiparametric mixture model was used to describe girls' developmental trajectories of teacher-rated disruptive behaviors between the ages of 6 and 12 years. The trajectories were used to predict conduct disorder symptoms and diagnosis when the girls were on average 15.7 years. RESULTS: Four groups of girls following trajectories with distinct levels of disruptive behaviors were identified: a low, medium, medium-high, and high trajectory. Prediction with the trajectories indicated that girls on the medium, medium-high, and high trajectories reported a significantly higher number of conduct disorder symptoms in adolescence. However, only the girls on the medium-high and high trajectories were at significantly higher risk to meet DSM-III-R criteria for conduct disorder, compared with girls in the low group (odds ratio: 4.46). More than two thirds of the girls with conduct disorder were in the medium or higher-level trajectories. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that there is an early-onset type of conduct disorder in girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Exposure of sheet-metal workers to asbestos during the construction and renovation of commercial buildings in New York City. A case study in social medicine.

New York City sheet-metal workers have a history of significant exposure to asbestos. Prior to 1972 when the use of sprayed asbestos insulation was banned in New York City, sheet-metal workers involved in building construction were exposed as they worked adjacent to spraying operations. Subsequent to that date, exposure continued as they renovated these same buildings. In 1982 the Occupational Health Program of Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine initiated a multidimensional asbestos evaluation and intervention program for the sheet-metal industry and union in New York. The long-term goal of the program was to eliminate asbestos exposure through the safe, systematic removal of asbestos in New York City buildings, most likely a legislated solution. In the short term, we attempted to assess and reduce asbestos exposure in the sheet-metal trade by a series of steps consisting of: mortality and morbidity studies; a medical audit of clinical screening services provided to sheet-metal workers; a comprehensive health education program; development of safe work practices; evaluation of personal protective equipment; and investigation into and support of legislative and regulatory solutions to the problem of asbestos contamination of commercial buildings. This intervention can be seen as a case study in the practice of social medicine.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1986

Asbestos disease screening by non-specialists: results of an evaluation.

We performed a medical audit of an asbestos disease screening program offered to New York City sheet metal workers by a corporate medical service. The screening program purported to evaluate the health status of workers exposed to asbestos in the past and present during construction and renovation of commercial buildings. Using current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations as a benchmark, medical records for more than 800 workers who took the examination between 1982-83 were reviewed; x-ray interpretations of the staff radiologist were compared with the interpretations of specialists in occupational lung diseases. The audit found inadequate record-keeping procedures, a lack of a comprehensive occupational history, poor notification and absence of any form of health education. Further, there was an extreme lack of concordance between the staff radiologist and the specialist readers in the interpretation of x-rays (kappa = .14 for pleural disease and .26 for asbestosis). To an increasing extent, occupational clinical services are being provided by corporate medical groups; such groups may not be familiar with occupational health problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Characteristics of individuals who identify a regular source of medical care.

Having a source where medical services are regularly received is an antecedent to securing high quality medical care; it facilitates access and indicates that the individual is not alienated from the health care delivery system. In this paper we develop models to characterize individuals, both children and adults, who claim a regular source of care. The models are estimated using a logit analysis (since the dependent variable is 0-1) applied to survey data on residents of East Palo Alto, California. These data indicate that in this low-income, predominately black population the most important factor influencing whether a child will have a regular source of medical care is whether the parents have a regular source. For adults, the anticipated need for care (as measured by health status), time in community, and sex were all found to be important. The type of individual least likely to have a regular source of care is a low-income, unmarried male who is in good health and is a recent arrival to the community. The individuals most likely to need easy access to medical care and continuity of care are most likely to have a regular source of care, and vice versa.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trajectories of boys' physical aggression, opposition, and hyperactivity on the path to physically violent and nonviolent juvenile delinquency.

A semi-parametric mixture model was used with a sample of 1,037 boys assessed repeatedly from 6 to 15 years of age to approximate a continuous distribution of developmental trajectories for three externalizing behaviors. Regression models were then used to determine which trajectories best predicted physically violent and nonviolent juvenile delinquency up to 17 years of age. Four developmental trajectories were identified for the physical aggression, opposition, and hyperactivity externalizing behavior dimensions: a chronic problem trajectory, a high level near-desister trajectory, a moderate level desister trajectory, and a no problem trajectory. Boys who followed a given trajectory for one type of externalizing problem behavior did not necessarily follow the same trajectory for the two other types of behavior problem. The different developmental trajectories of problem behavior also led to different types of juvenile delinquency. A chronic oppositional trajectory, with the physical aggression and hyperactivity trajectories being held constant, led to covert delinquency (theft) only, while a chronic physical aggression trajectory, with the oppositional and hyperactivity trajectories being held constant, led to overt delinquency (physical violence) and to the most serious delinquent acts.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Control of tuberculosis in the workplace: engineering controls.

In this review of engineering controls that can be used to check the spread of tuberculosis in health care settings, the authors address types of ventilation and supplements to ventilation such as HEPA filtration and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation. They also specifically cover engineering controls for use during medical procedures that pose an increased risk for transmission of TB.

Environment, Controlled↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Future needs: research, education, and service.

Sections on research, education, and service summarize efforts that are needed to control the workplace transmission of TB and measures that can be taken while research is being carried out. Topics include ways to identify infectious patients, techniques for measuring the airborne concentration of TB, and the need for surveillance programs.

Health Personnel↗