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Biomedical subjects

D Ndiaye

Publications and source records attributed to D Ndiaye.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Low level educated community health workers training: a strategy to improve children access to acute respiratory treatment in Senegal].

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of death in childhood. Most of children's deaths happen at home without health level first cares. However in Senegal only health workers are allowed to prescribe antibiotics. A competency-based training was developed to improve and assess the management of acute respiratory infections in young children aged 2 to 59 months by low level educated community health workers (CHWs) in 4 districts of Senegal. The first findings showed the CHWs capable of acquiring the skills needed to effectively manage ARI cases in accordance with the World Health Organization's ARI case management strategy. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of their management after a 1 year follow-up. METHODS: We provided to CHWs 3 days course in ARI management. After the 3-day course, a 4-month follow-up was performed. We organized a 1-day refresher course every month and in every district. In order to assess the quality of management of CHWs we analyzed the management process and compared the CHWs classification to the classification of the first level health facilities. RESULTS: Twenty-three percent (3727/15,965) of IRA cases of district were managed by CHWs. Ninety percent (2738/3042) among them were well classified, well managed and well followed-up. But 28% of severe pneumonia cases were misclassified as pneumonia. About treatment, 22.5% of 'cough or cold' got wrong treatment with cotrimoxazole and 10.3% of severe pneumonia got cotrimoxazole without referral. Less than half of severe pneumonia benefited of the first follow-up and only 18% of the second. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight that a CHWs low-level educated in French, trained and followed-up could apply the WHO algorithm of IRA management. They could help to give proximal care related to children ARI, to the community. But it seems useful of emphasizing the recognition of danger signs and the follow-up of severe cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Defining the origin of Plasmodium falciparum resistant dhfr isolates in Senegal.

We previously reported a high baseline prevalence of mutations in the dhfr and dhps genes of Plasmodium falciparum throughout Senegal. The highest prevalence of the triple dhfr pyrimethamine associated mutations were found in isolates obtained in the western part of the country near the capital city of Dakar. In this study, we sought out to determine the relatedness of dhfr wild type and mutated strains by analyzing three microsatellite regions upstream of the dhfr locus. Twenty-six of the 31 wild type strains had a unique microsatellite pattern. In contrast, of the 17 isolates containing the triple mutation in dhfr, 11 had an identical microsatellite pattern. Diverse geographical isolates in Senegal containing the triple dhfr mutation have arisen from a limited number of ancestral strains. In addition, we demonstrate that these isolates have shared ancestry with the previously reported triple mutation haplotype found in Tanzania, South Africa, and southeast Asia. This common ancestry may have implications for the malaria control strategy for reducing the spread of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Senegal and elsewhere in Africa.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Sonographic features of gestational choriocarcinoma].

PURPOSE: To describe the sonographic morphological features of gestational choriocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of 13 cases of gestational choriocarcinoma diagnosed by clinical and laboratory (BHCG) criteria in all cases and confirmed by histological data in 8 cases. RESULTS: The tumor presented multiple features (nodular, submucosal, macrocystic, multicystic, compact and microcystic) often with involvement of surrounding tissues. All cases showed myometrial involvement. The size of the ovaries was normal with small corpus luteum cysts noted in only 5 cases. In 2 cases, ultrasound modified the clinical staging. CONCLUSION: Sonographic features of gestational choriocarcinoma are variable, and may mimic other diseases of the endometrium or myometrium. The involvement of multiple layers of the uterus suggests a malignant disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes in Senegal.

Senegal recently (2004) switched to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) with amodiaquine as first line therapy for malaria in response to increasing chloroquine resistance. In anticipation of emerging resistance to SP as a result of this change in drug pressure, we set out to define the baseline prevalence of SP-associated mutations in the dhfr and dhps genes in Plasmodium falciparum using geographically diverse and longitudinally collected samples. A total of 153 blood samples were analysed from patients (5 years or older) with mild malaria after informed consent was obtained. Longitudinal samples were collected between 2000 and 2003 in Pikine, a suburb of Dakar. Geographically diverse site sampling was carried out in 2003. The mutation prevalence in DHFR codons 51, 59 and 108 is 65%, 61% and 78% in Pikine, 2003. The overall prevalence of the triple mutation that is associated with high-level pyrimethamine resistance is 61%. The mutation prevalence rate in DHPS codons 436 and 437 is 21% and 40%, respectively. There is significant geographic variation in genotypic resistance, as samples from Pikine in 2003 had higher mutation prevalence in the pfdhfr and pfdhps genes compared to samples from Tambacounda (P < 0.015). In summary, this study demonstrates a high background prevalence of SP resistance mutations already present in P. falciparum in Senegal.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Assessment of management training for low-level community health workers providing care for children with acute respiratory infections in four districts of Senegal].

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of death in childhood and most child deaths in Senegal occur at home without qualified health care. Despite this situation, only qualified healthcare workers are authorized to prescribe antibiotics. A competency-based training program was developed to improve and assess management of acute respiratory infections in young children aged between 2 and 59 months by low-level educated community health workers (CHWs) in four districts of Senegal. METHODS: In accordance with the strategy developed by the World Health Organisation, educated low-level community health workers in four district of Senegal were given a three-day course on the management of acute respiratory failure. We assessed the effects of the course by comparing pre-training and post-training skills with the Students t test. RESULTS: The results showed that the educated low-level community health workers were capable of acquiring the skills needed to effectively manage children with acute respiratory failure. CONCLUSION: Further evaluation is needed to determine the mid- and long-term effects of the course and supervised post-training activities.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Evidence that SPROUTY2 functions as an inhibitor of mouse embryonic lung growth and morphogenesis.

Experimental evidence is rapidly emerging that the coupling of positive regulatory signals with the induction of negative feedback modulators is a mechanism of fine regulation in development. Studies in Drosophila and chick have shown that members of the SPROUTY family are inducible negative regulators of growth factors that act through tyrosine kinase receptors. We and others have shown that Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) is a key positive regulator of lung branching morphogenesis. Herein, we provide direct evidence that mSprouty2 is dynamically expressed in the peripheral endoderm in embryonic lung and is downregulated in the clefts between new branches at E12.5. We found that mSprouty2 was expressed in a domain restricted in time and space, adjacent to that of Fgf10 in the peripheral mesenchyme. By E14.5, Fgf10 expression was restricted to a narrow domain of mesenchyme along the extreme edges of the individual lung lobes, whereas mSprouty2 was most highly expressed in the subjacent epithelial terminal buds. FGF10 beads upregulated the expression of mSprouty2 in adjacent epithelium in embryonic lung explant culture. Lung cultures treated with exogenous FGF10 showed greater branching and higher levels of mSpry2 mRNA. Conversely, Fgf10 antisense oligonucleotides reduced branching and decreased mSpry2 mRNA levels. However, treatment with exogenous FGF10 or antisense Fgf10 did not change Shh and FgfR2 mRNA levels in the lungs. We investigated Sprouty2 function during lung development by two different but complementary approaches. The targeted overexpression of mSprouty2 in the peripheral lung epithelium in vivo, using the Surfactant Protein C promoter, resulted in a low level of branching, lung lobe edges abnormal in appearance and the inhibition of epithelial proliferation. Transient high-level overexpression of mSpry2 throughout the pulmonary epithelium by intra-tracheal adenovirus microinjection also resulted in a low level of branching. These results indicate for the first time that mSPROUTY2 functions as a negative regulator of embryonic lung morphogenesis and growth.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2001

[Treatment of Baume class IV pulp diseases with calcium hydroxide: a clinical experimental study in Dakar].

The calcium hydroxide used as intracanalar temporary medication in modern endodontics, is the aim of this clinical and radiographic appraisal of endodontic treatment during two sessions (HESS J. C. and all. 1990); on 22 mature permanent teeth with peri apical lesion. In this second Dakar serial study, the mediate disinfection during 6 weeks in average, was followed by a root canal filling for: 11 mono-radicular teeth by compactage of gutta percha, adjusted monocone for 11 pluri-radicular teeth; and so by definitive coronal restoration. The direct magistral preparations used in this study are not expensive, but simple and efficient; our endodontic processing (pre-treatment and treatment) end up at clinical silence and radiographic apical healing in 90.91% of cases after 9 months for 66.67% of root canal filling located at the safety apical limit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Monoclonal antibodies to plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) of eel (Anguilla japonica).

Six week-old female mice (Balb/c) injected intraperitonealy with 50 micrograms of eel high density lipoprotein (HDL) emulsified with equal volume of adjuvant three times every two weeks. Three weeks after the third injection, hyperimmunized mice were boosted by injection of 100 micrograms of HDL. After 5 days, the best responding mouse to injected HDL was sacrificed, and spleen cells were fused with mouse myeloma cells (Sp2/O-Ag14), and hybridomas were cultured in a selection medium. Monoclonal antibodies specific to apolipoprotein A-I or A-II (apoA-I or apoA-II) of HDL were obtained by cloning and recloning the hybridomas. Eighteen monoclonal antibodies specific to apoA-I and/or apoApII were isolated. Antibodies in the culture medium were purified by a HiTrap Protein G or an eel-HDL column. These purified antibodies belong to the subclass IgG1. The monoclonal antibodies specific to eel apoA-I and apoA-II secreted by clone 10D12 and 2G3, respectively, interact with serum proteins of some fish species such as red-sea bream and carp. The anti-eel apoA-I antibody of 10D12 did not bind to serum proteins of rat, rabbit, and chicken, while the anti-eel apoA-II of 2G3 antibody did.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

A lipoprotein secreted by cultured hepatocytes of silver or yellow eel: comparison with their plasma lipoproteins.

Cultured hepatocytes of silver eel actively secreted only chylomicron-like lipoprotein. The rate of secretion per mg cellular protein per 24 hr was 2.2 times higher compared with that by yellow eel hepatocytes. Silver eel hepatocytes secreted lipids 2.5 times higher through the lipoprotein than yellow eel hepatocytes. Main lipid was triacylglycerol in either secreted lipoprotein and composition of apolipoproteins of both secreted lipoproteins was the same. The incorporation of 3H-leucine into the lipoprotein secreted by silver eel hepatocytes was 2.4 times higher, but that of 14C-acetate was not significantly different. Protein and lipids composition of plasma lipoproteins of silver eel was significantly higher and lower compared with those of yellow eel, respectively. We suggest that the secreted lipoprotein of silver eel hepatocytes transport much more lipids to other tissues than that of yellow eel hepatocytes.

Acetic Acid↗