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Biomedical subjects

D Neuser

Publications and source records attributed to D Neuser.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

CT guided percutaneous fine needle biopsy in the diagnosis of small adrenal tumours.

In the diagnosis of expansive lesions of the pancreas, liver, kidneys, lymph nodes and other organs, percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy has proved its value. For small objects computed tomography is particularly suitable as a localization aid. This article reports on the diagnostic advantages of CT and biopsy in the diagnosis of lesions of the adrenals, demonstrated by 6 selected examples of small tumours, 5 of them smaller than 2 cm., and 1 smaller than 3 cm. The cytological diagnosis of an adrenal adenoma in 5 patients and a metastasis in one provided an important contribution towards therapy and prognosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

[3H]Diazepam displacing activity in human cerebrospinal fluid.

Pooled human cerebrospinal fluid was separated by Sephadex G-50 chromatography. The presence of three peaks, A, B and C, was demonstrated by monitoring absorbance at 254 and 280 nm. All peaks showed [3H]diazepam displacing activity in the membrane receptor test. Peak B was further separated on Bio-Gel P-4. At least two major fractions free of salt and GABA in the molecular weight range of approximately 700--3600 were shown to displace [3H]diazepam in the receptor test. This activity was enhanced by a factor of 3 in the presence of 10 microM-GABA.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Results of percutaneous kidney cyst sclerosing].

The results of the percutaneous obliteration of the renal cysts in 68 renal cysts (6 cases of recidivation) are discussed. The use of an obliteration remedy is superior to the only submaximal depletion of cysts. The results after the sclerosation treatment with ethoxysclerol 2% were essentially better than after varicocid instillation. The sclerosation therapy may be performed only after a preliminary thorough angiographical clarification including renocystography. The excretion urograms are sufficient for the control examination.

Angiography↗
PubMed1981

[Screening for prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in the German Democratic Republic-- an analysis (author's transl)].

The cytological mass screening to prevent invasive carcinomas by detection and therapy of intraepithelial neoplasia and to detect early stages of invasive carcinomas is the most important basis for cervical cancer control. An analysis of epidemiological effects caused by mass screening programs in two districts (Berlin, capital of the GDR; Rostock) demonstrates during the last 7 years a marked increase of detected ca in situ followed by a clear decrease, a decrease of morbidity of cervical cancer (49.4/100,000 :36.1/100,000 women) and an increase of earlier stages, especially stage Ia. The highest decrease of morbidity could be observed in women aged 40--49 years (111.6 : 61.0) followed by those aged 50--59 years (91.1 : 76.1). Preliminary results demonstrate the benefit of screening program and the practicability of organization form used in the capital Berlin. A further analysis demonstrates screening activities in the whole country. a continuous increase of cytological capacities in many districts is the remarkable result of the activities and gives the assurance for further success of the cytological screening program decided for the German Democratic Republic.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Diagnostics and therapy of the carcinoma of the prostate (author's transl)].

By well organized preventive examinations early tumour stages can be recognized. The diagnosis of prostatic cancer has to be secured by biopsy. The primary reliability of aspiration biopsies (cytology) was 94% compared with punch biopsies (histology) amounting to 73%. Indications and results of aspiration biopsies, radiological and nuclear medical techniques in diagnosing prostatic cancer are described. The combined anti-androgenic hormonal therapy (infusions of cytonal, subcapsular orchiectomy, permanent administration of oestrogen) is considered to be the unchanged basis of treatment. Comparative cytologic investigations in therapy indicate that high-voltage treatment connected with hormonal therapy seems to be superior to exclusive hormonal treatment. Observations after additional therapy by a radionuclid (89-Strontium) for affecting metastases are encouraging. Indications of a therapy by cytostatica in progressive prostatic cancer are explained.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Epidemiology of cervical cancer (author's transl)].

There are remarkable differences of incidence and mortality from cervical cancer between countries and even within small countries. In developed industrial countries, incidence is slowly declining. Age distribution (middle--aged women are mostly afflicted) distinguishes cervical cancer from all other common malignant neoplasms. Known risk factors are: low social class, sexual activity early in youth, instable sexual relationships. Cervical cancer behaves like a veneral disease of low infectious power. Cervical cancer develops stepwise out of epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. The foundations of a cervical cancer control programme are laid: cytodiagnosis as screening method; well defined high risk groups; effective and not dangerous treatment of prephases and early stages of cancer. In the G.D.R. conditions for effective cancer control are good: cancer registration works stable for more than 20 years; it enables evaluation of effectivity. Cytologic screening can be fully integrated into basic gynecologic care. Medical care including prevention is free of fees and available for all women. The ultimate of goal of a cervical cancer control programme is primary prevention by detection and treatment of preneoplastic lesions (dysplasia and carcinoma in situ).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Value of suspicious and doubtful cytological findings in gynecologic serial examinations].

Cytological follow-up and histological results of 2336 patients with Pap III and 10584 with Pap II control of 1973 and 1974 were checked up to May 1976 and compared with new literature. 50% of Pap III became to negatives, 10% of Pap III and 0,82% of Pap II control became positive (Pap IV and Pap V). Up to now histological findings has been resulted in 10% invasive cancers; in 53% carcinomata in situ and severe dysplasia, in 16% moderate and mild dysplasias, and in 5% normal epithelium from repeated Pap III. To avoid to many conizations we have introduced Pap IIID for moderate and mild dysplasia into screening cytology.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1976

[Use and importance of cytology for tumor diagnosis in internal medicine].

Many fields of internal medicine give the assumption for the ingenious application of cytodiagnostics. The respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal system and the urinary passage are the most important groups of organs. A technically unobjectionable gaining of material is the basis for this. The examination of exfoliated cells and the fine needle aspiration biopsy are the technical variants. The close cooperation of a morphologically interested clinician with a clinically interested morphologist and the guaranty of the mutual control of cytology and histology yield a promising success method for the clinical differential diagnostics and for the early recognition of cancer.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atrial natriuretic peptide decreases hepatic and cardiac blood content, but increases intestinal blood content in supine humans.

The authors evaluated in humans whether atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) alters the regional distribution of blood in capacitance vessels. Eight healthy male volunteers (mean age: 30 years, range: 24-39) were studied twice. On different days and in a randomized, double blind fashion they received either alpha h-ANP (99-126), 25 micrograms intravenously followed by infusion of 0.1 microgram kg-1 min-1, or vehicle. Changes of regional blood content in heart, liver, and intestine were evaluated at 3-min intervals using autologous radioactively (99mTc) labeled red cells. Calf circumference (strain gauge), central venous pressure, and heart rate were recorded continuously while arterial pressure (oscillometry), hematocrit, ANP and cGMP plasma concentrations were determined intermittently. Exogenous ANP increased plasma concentrations of ANP (49 pg ml-1 +/- 8 SE to 614 +/- 190) and cGMP (1.7 pmol ml-1 +/- 0.2 to 30.8 +/- 4.4). This elicited significant and profound decreases in liver (-11%) and cardiac (-10%) radioactivity, contrasted by a smaller but significant increase (+4%) of intestinal radioactivity. These changes became gradually apparent about 15 min during ANP administration and reached their nadir at the end of the infusion period. Central venous pressure significantly decreased by 3.4 cm H2O and calf volume by 0.3 ml/100 ml while hematocrit increased by 2.6%. All changes were at least partly reversed when ANP administration ceased. Of note, two subjects developed a near syncope with abrupt bradycardia and arterial hypotension following an initial gradual decrease in cardiac counts and central venous pressure. We conclude that in humans ANP markedly alters the regional blood distribution in the capacitance vasculature as blood content decreased profoundly in both heart and liver, but increased in the intestine, albeit to a lesser extent. Accordingly, a redistribution of blood away from the heart represents another unique mechanism by which ANP can exert its cardiovascular actions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of endogenous ANP on endocrine function investigated with a monoclonal antibody.

Substantial volume expansion in conscious rats induces a strong natriuresis, cyclic GMP excretion, increase in cyclic GMP in plasma and kidney tissue, decrease in plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration. These effects are directly related to an increase in plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptides. The renal response and the changes in plasma and kidney cyclic GMP, plasma renin activity and aldosterone could be totally blocked by simultaneous administration of monoclonal antibodies directed against ANP. From this study it seems to be clear that the rise in cyclic GMP and the inhibition of the renin-aldosterone system is not a direct effect of volume expansion but is specifically mediated by the released ANP. The great importance of ANP in acute volume expansion made us wonder about the role of ANP in chronic volume expansion and under basal conditions without volume loading. Chronic volume loading was induced pharmacologically by the sodium retaining vasodilatator minoxidil. Under both chronic volume expansion and basal conditions the neutralization of the circulation ANP by antibody administration leads to reduced plasma cyclic GMP levels. No alterations in urinary sodium excretion, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration could be observed: In conclusion, the monoclonal antibody directed against ANP is a useful tool for the investigation of the physiological role of endogenous ANP.

Aldosterone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The renal response to acute hypervolemia is caused by atrial natriuretic peptides.

In anesthetized rats, synthetic rat atriopeptin II produced an increase in urinary volume and sodium excretion as well as a decrease in arterial blood pressure. Both the natriuretic and hypotensive effects were blocked by monoclonal antibodies directed against atriopeptin II. The diuresis and natriuresis caused by furosemide was not inhibited by these antibodies. Thus, the monoclonal antibodies provide a specific inhibitor for atriopeptin-mediated responses in vivo and can be used to investigate the role of atriopeptin in volume regulation. Volume expansion with 20 ml/kg i.v. homologous blood induced strong diuresis and natriuresis in the anaesthetized rat. This response was also blocked by the described monoclonal antibodies. A radioimmunoassay for the determination of atriopeptin-like immunoreactivity (ANP-IR) is described. The plasma levels of ANP-IR 8 min after blood injection were 3-4 times higher than in control rats. Thus, the strong diuresis observed after volume expansion is due to an increase in circulating atrial natriuretic peptides that obviously exert a regulative function in fluid volume control.

Animals↗