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Biomedical subjects

D Newell

Publications and source records attributed to D Newell.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Tumour necrosis factor in man: clinical and biological observations.

Eighteen patients with advanced cancer have been treated intravenously with human recombinant tumour necrosis factor (rhTNF). The drug produced febrile reactions at all doses although these were preventable by steroids and indomethacin. Doses at or above 9 x 10(5) units (400 micrograms)m-2 were associated with hypotension, abnormal liver enzymes, leucopenia and mild renal impairment in a substantial proportion of patients. RhTNF was cleared from plasma with a half life of approximately 20 minutes but non-linear pharmacokinetics lymphoma, improvements in their tumours were recorded. RhTNF was noted to produce rapid increases in serum C-reactive protein concentrations. Endogenous TNF levels were not found to be elevated in 72 cancer patients. TNF deserves further therapeutic evaluation and these observations support its biological importance as an endogenous pyrogen, mediator of acute phase protein responses, and a mediator of endotoxic shock.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Phenotypic characterization of a virus producing line established from a patient with leukaemia/lymphoma: comparison with T-lymphoblastic and myeloblastic lines.

The properties have been studied of a haemic cell line established from a patient with longstanding non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after transformation to acute leukaemia. The cells are EBNA, Fc, C3 and SmIg and Ia-like antigen negative. The continuous in vitro proliferation and karyotype abnormalities suggest malignancy. The cells contain only the lymphoid type of alkaline phosphatase and a high level of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and as they formed E-rosettes during the first year in culture they may be of T-cell lineage. Since the patients' leukaemic cells have not been studied it is impossible to know whether the cultured cells represent an in vitro proliferation of the patient's malignant cells or an outgrowth of a subpopulation of cells. In the cytoplasm of many cells inclusion bodies containing virus-like particles, similar to those observed in fresh human leukaemia cells, were often seen. As this new virus is biologically active, infection of the cells by virus may explain their continuous proliferation in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Biosynthesis and characterisation of IgMlambda in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with intracellular immunoglobulin inclusions.

Lymphocytes from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were found to contain crystalline inclusions in the cytoplasm. These crystals were characterised as IgMlambda immunoglobulin. The cells did not have detectable surface immunoglobulin. No paraprotein was detected in the serum and no excess of immunoglobulin was detected in the urine. The cells incorporated radioactive leucine into mu and lambda chains during an 18-hour culture. Studies of labelled lysate immunoglobulin revealed a molar excess of heavy chain over light chain while in contrast free light chain was the only detectable secreted immunoglobulin product during the culture period. These findings are discussed in relation to immunoglobulin synthesis by normal and other neoplastic lymphocyte preparations.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Biosynthesis and characterization of intracellular IgDkappa in a case of CLL.

A case of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with diffuse intracellular IgDkappa is reported. No serum paraprotein or urinary Bence-Jones protein were detected. No surface immunoglobulin was found on the neoplastic lymphocytes, but the cells had receptors for Fcgamma and the C3 component of complement consistent with other cases of CLL. Biosynthetic studies confirmed that the cells synthesized IgDkappa but there was no evidence for secretion of IgD into the culture medium. The cells did not produce Ig of any other class. The intracellular IgD occurred predominantly as deltakappa units with no covalent links between the chains. These findings are discussed.

Binding Sites, Antibody↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metrazol enhances brain penetration and therapeutic efficacy of some anticancer agents: implications for brain metastases.

The concurrent administration of Metrazol (60 mg/kg, i.v.) to anaesthetized rats enhances the cerebral penetration of the anticancer agent razoxane. Such an enhancement leads to an increase in the therapeutic efficacy of razoxane against intracerebrally sequestered L1210 leukaemia cells in mice. The combination of Metrazol and melphalan was also examined to see if the concentration of other anticancer agents in CSF could be enhanced.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuropsychological outcome in relation to head injury severity. Contributions of coma length and focal abnormalities.

Neuropsychological test performances of 102 consecutive head-injured patients were evaluated at 1 mo and 1 yr after injury. The results of the study indicated that both coma length and the presence of focal abnormalities on computed tomography (CT) scans contribute independently to neuropsychological outcome. The effects of coma length are stronger than the effects of focal abnormalities evident on CT scans and continue to exert a stronger influence on neuropsychological outcome over the year postinjury. These results suggest that the extent of diffuse pathology may be a more important determinant of long-term behavioral outcome than the presence of focal lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathophysiology of isolated lateral ventriculomegaly in shunted myelodysplastic children.

Eight myelodysplastic children developed isolated lateral ventriculomegaly following shunt insertion for progressive hydrocephalus after closure of a myelomeningocele. In all patients a low-pressure distal slit valve (Uni-shunt) system preceded development of an isolated contralateral ventricle. Six of 8 children required a second contralateral shunt for a symptomatic isolated ventricle. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a collapsed ventricle ipsilateral to the shunt secondary to distortion of the foramen of Monro. This was clearly depicted using three-dimensional color reconstructions of the ventricular anatomy. Low-pressure distal slit valves should be avoided in myelodysplastic children to prevent postshunt ventricle isolation.

Cerebral Ventricles↗