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Biomedical subjects

D Nolley

Publications and source records attributed to D Nolley.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Nonaversive treatment of severe self-injurious behavior: multiple replications with DRO and DRI.

Sixteen severely self-injurious residents of a state mental retardation facility were treated with conventional, non-aversive behavior modification techniques by the same staff over a four-year period. Although each resident had performed multiple self-injuries prior to treatment, including blindness, multiple permanent scars, punctured eardrums, etc., 12 of the 16 improved in terms of decreased frequency of self-injurious behavior (SIB) and decreased frequency of measurable physical injury; of these, seven ceased SIB altogether. Each resident's treatment was unique, which necessitated unique analyses of controlling antecedents and maintaining consequences. Two exclusive types of self-injurious residents became evident: a) those whose SIB was maintained by socially reinforcing consequences and b) those whose SIB was maintained by escape contingencies. The study suggests that in agencies where intensely aversive techniques cannot be used to treat SIB, occasional restraint control of behavior can be combined with intensive differential reinforcement of other (DRO) or incompatible (DRI) behavior to produce an extended but satisfactory probability of successful treatment. Similar to published results from intensely aversive treatment, mildly aversive treatment, which largely depended upon positive reinforcement of desirable alternative behaviors, did not completely suppress the most severe SIB.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of techniques for the elimination of self-injurious behavior in a mildly retarded woman.

The self-injurious behavior of an institutionalized, highly social, highly verbal, midly retarded woman was successfully treated through the use of boxing glove restraints over a 30-week period after unsuccessful, less-intrusive means were attempted. Application of the restrain was conditioned to be an (S-delta), contrasted with an expanding Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible behavior (DRI) during periods of restraint removal. Absence of self-injury was maintained at 18 month follow-up by which time she had been discharged to a community placement.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of ethyl alcohol on central neurons.-.

A method was developed for the electrophoretic application of ethyl alcohol through one capillary in a multibarrel microelectrode array in the vicinity of the recording electode. Effects of ethyl alcohol and angiotensin II applied by means of electrophoretic ejection and ethanol administered intravenously on the frequency of extracellularly recorded action potentials of brain cells were determined. A total of 87 neurons in four different parts of the brain in female hooded rats anesthetized with a mixture of urethan and chloralose were tested. Results reveal that a most sensitive neurons appear to be those of the lateral hypothalamus within the medial forebrain bundle. Cells of the zona incerta and thalamus were also sensitive to ethanol. Cells of the cerebral cortex appear to be relatively less sensitive. Many of the ethanol sensitive cells also responded to angiotensin II and when tested the effects were potentiated by Na.

Angiotensin II↗