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Biomedical subjects

D O'Brien

Publications and source records attributed to D O'Brien.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Fibre-optic assessment of tracheal tube position. A comparison of tracheal tube position as estimated by fibre-optic bronchoscopy and by chest X-ray.

The distance between the tip of a tracheal tube and the carina was measured in twenty five patients who required tracheal intubation and artificial ventilation of the lungs. Two methods of evaluation of this distance--limited-optic bronchoscopy and chest X-ray--were compared. There was no significant difference between the distance measured by either method. The advantages of checking tracheal tube placement by fibre-optic bronchoscopy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of an undergraduate nursing course.

During the past two decades there has been a substantial growth in the number of British universities and polytechnics offering undergraduate nursing degree programmes. However, little attempt has been made to evaluate these courses systematically or to assess the potential impact of graduates on the provision of patient care. This study is concerned with the opinions of former undergraduates and ward sisters with experience of supervising the undergraduate nursing students. It also gives an account of the career progression of the students since graduation. The results indicate that the high academic and clinical demands made upon the students are a major problem and that a number of students encounter serious problems of adjustment during clinical placements. The ward sisters consistently rated the students' clinical abilities as high and the vast majority would like undergraduates allocated to their wards if a similar course was run again in the future. The career progression of the graduates demonstrates that the majority opt for clinical nursing posts.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1983

Epidural buprenorphine for pain relief after major abdominal surgery. A controlled comparison with epidural morphine.

In a controlled trial epidural buprenorphine was compared with epidural morphine as the sole means of analgesia after major abdominal surgery. Bolus injections of buprenorphine 60 micrograms in 10 ml or morphine 2 mg in 10 ml of normal saline were given on demand for the first 48 hours postoperatively. Both drugs produced significant reduction in pain scores as assessed by the linear visual analogue scale and both produced prolonged analgesia at this dosage, which could be extended by further 'top-ups'. The authors conclude that, for postoperative epidural analgesia, buprenorphine may be the opiate of choice and the reasons for this are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Dietary management of inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.

Individually, inborn errors of amino acid metabolism are rare. Collectively, however, they constitute a significant group of diseases whose number is constantly increasing. Their recognition is important, especially in childhood, because many of these diseases respond well to diet therapy.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1979

Electromyographic tension levels in stutterers and normal speakers.

Electromyographic (EMG) recordings of masseter muscle tension during conversational speech by six adult stutterers were compared to EMG levels of 6 normal speakers. Stutterers' and normal speakers' tension levels were significantly different; however, there was no correlation found between level of tension and severity of stuttering.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Assignment of the gene for lactic dehydrogenase A to mouse chromosome 7 using mouse-human hybrids.

We have studied somatic cell hybrids between either mouse peritoneal macrophages or spleen cells and HT-1080-6TG human fibrosarcoma cells for the expression of mouse lactic dehydrogenase A (LDH-A). The hybrids were also studied for the expression of mouse glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI-1), the gene for which has been assigned to chromosome 7. Concordant segregation of the expression of mouse GPI-1 and LDH-1 was observed in 61 independent hybrid clones. These results indicate that the gene coding for LDH-A is located on mouse chromosome 7.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Uptake of (3H)progesterone and (3H)5alpha-dihydroprogesterone by rat tissues in vivo and analysis of accumulated radioactivity: accumulation of 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone by pituitary and hypothalamic tissues.

These in vivo studies explored the possibility that the metabolism of progesterone to 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone (5alpha-DHP) and 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in hypothalamus and pituitary may influence gonadotropin release. [3H]progesterone or [3H]5alpha-DHP was injected iv into ovariectomized or ovariectomized-adrenalectomized rats for 10 0r 30 min. 3H content was determined for plasma, anterior pituitary, medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), cerebral cortex, muscle and uterus. Isotopic dilution analyses of the accumulated 3H were made for progesterone, 5alpha-DHP, 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one, 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone, 20alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-3-one, and 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha, 20alpha-diol on samples from the 10 min groups. With progesterone injections, most of the tissue 3H was distributed among progesterone, 5alpha-DHP, and 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one. Progesterone was the predominant 3H-steroid in uterus, MBH, cerebral cortex and muscle. [3H]5alpha-DHP was the other major 3H-steroid in MBH and the predominant one in pituitary. In terms of tissue/plasma concentration comparisons, no tissue concentration of [3H]progesterone was greater than that in plasma except for MBH in the ovariectomized-adrenalectomized group. In contrast, [3H]5alpha-DHP levels in pituitary, MBH and cerebral cortex were many fold greater than those in plasma and muscle. MBH and pituitary levels were significantly greater than that in cerebral cortex. With 5alpha-DHP injections, most tissue 3H was associated with 5alpha-DHP and/or 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one. No [3H]progesterone was detected. [3H]5alpha-DHP predominated in pituitary and MBH, while 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one predominated in the others. In terms of tissue and plasma concentration comparisons, MBH, pituitary and cerebral cortical concentrations of [3H]5alpha-DHP were markedly higher than plasma, muscle, and uterine levels. Pituitary and MBH concentrations were also greater than that in cerebral cortex. Tissue levels of [3H]3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one were not significantly greater than that in plasma. Thus, 10 min after injection of either [3H]progesterone or [3H]5alpha-DHP, high and significant amounts of 5alpha-DHP are accumulated in pituitary and hypothalamus, but not in uterus, which suggests that its presence may be functionally important in governing progesterone-sensitive processes in these feedback tissues.

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗