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Biomedical subjects

D Oehler

Publications and source records attributed to D Oehler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Microdissection and DOP-PCR-based reverse chromosome painting as a fast and reliable strategy in the analysis of various structural chromosome abnormalities.

Reverse chromosome painting has become a powerful tool in clinical genetics for the characterization of cytogenetically unclassifiable aberrations. In this report, the application of a sensitive and rapid procedure for the complete and precise identification of four different de novo structural chromosome abnormalities is presented. These chromosome rearrangements include a marker derived from chromosome 3(cen-q11), an interstitial deletion of chromosome 13 [del(13)(q14q22)], an unbalanced translocation [46,XY, -4, +der(4)t(4;8)(p 15.2;p21.1)] leading to Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, and a partial inverted duplication in conjunction with a partial deletion of chromosome 5p [46,XX, -5, +der(5)(:p13-p15.1::p15.1-qter)] which is responsible for the manifestation of the cri-du-chat syndrome. The importance of a fast and reliable evaluation of complex chromosome aberrations in pre- and postnatal diagnosis with regard to comprehensive genetic counselling is emphasized.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1995

Regional distribution and characterization of nitric oxide synthase activity in the brain of the common marmoset.

The distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) within the brain of the common marmoset, a non-human primate species, was investigated using the [3H]L-citrulline formation assay and Western blot analysis. No hemispheric asymmetry of specific NOS activity was shown. The highest levels of NOS were found in the putamen and caudate nucleus--more than twice those in the cortex and the cerebellum, the brain regions with the lowest activities. The regional distribution pattern was similar to that in the ferret brain and contrasted to that in the mouse and bovine brain. Analysis of NOS catalytic activities in subcellular fractions revealed marked differences in the subcellular localization. Neuronal NOS accounted mainly for the measured catalytic activity in the brain. Differences in the regional distribution pattern of brain NOS activity among species may be indicative of diversities in the functional role of nitric oxide and NOS in mammals.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1995

Nutritional insult and recovery in the neonatal rat cerebellum: insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs).

Alterations in growth caused by neonatal malnutrition may be mediated in part by changes in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) expression. Since the neonatal rat cerebellum undergoes a transient, proliferative growth phase in the first two weeks of life, this structure was used to determine whether alterations in circulating and tissue IGFs and IGFBPs may mediate effects of impaired nutrition on the developing central nervous system. Gravid rats were placed on a 4% (protein-calorie deprived, D) or 20% (control, C) protein diets one day prior to delivery and allowed to nurse their pups postpartum. Pups nursing from D mothers received a limited volume of milk and were calorically deprived. Some litters of D pups were foster fed by C mothers from day 8 to day 13 to constitute a recovery group (R). Cerebellar weight, protein, and DNA content in D pups were less than C, p < 0.001. In R pups, DNA and protein returned to C levels by day 13. Between days 6 and 13, serum IGF-I levels rose from 158 +/- 18 to 210 +/- 18 ng/ml in C but remained low in D (47 +/- 6 ng/ml and 25 +/- 3 ng/ml), respectively. In R pups, serum IGF-I partially recovered during this time, and increased from 49 +/- 5 to 110 +/- 7 ng/ml. In cerebellar extracts, IGF-I levels in both C and D were lower at 13 days than at 6 days, p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively. IGF-I levels in C were similar at day 9 and day 11 and were consistently higher than D (11.84 +/- 0.83 vs 8.56 +/- 0.92 ng/g, p < 0.02 C vs D). In R, IGF-I was reduced on day 11, but was similar to C on day 13. Serum IGF-II in D was lower than C, p < 0.01, and did not increase in the R group. Cerebellar IGF-II was virtually undetectable in either group. Immunoprecipitation and ligand blotting studies of serum demonstrated that circulating levels of 32-34 K IGFBPs were increased 3-4 fold in D vs C, reflecting high levels of IGFBP-1 and/or -2, while levels of 24 K IGFBP-4 were lower in D vs C. By contrast, immunoprecipitation and ligand blotting of cerebellar extracts detected IGFBP-2 and -4, but did not detect IGFBP-1. Further, tissue levels of IGFBP-2 were not increased in D vs C, and levels of IGFBP-4 also were not markedly affected by nutritional deprivation. These results suggest that alterations in tissue content and the availability of IGF-I only modestly contributed to the effects of impaired nutrition in the developing central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A novel DNA/protein complex interacts with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) insulin response sequence and is required for maximal effects of insulin and glucocorticoids on promoter function.

Glucocorticoids stimulate and insulin inhibits hepatic production of IGFBP-1 at the level of gene transcription. We previously identified contiguous insulin and glucocorticoid response sequences in the proximal rat IGFBP-1 promoter. This insulin response sequence (IRS) is palindromic (CAAAACAAACTTATTTTG) and each half resembles an IRS in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene. We have reported that both the IGFBP-1 and PEPCK IRSs bind hepatocyte nuclear factor-3 (HNF-3) proteins [1]. We now report that IRSs from the IGFBP-1 and PEPCK, as well as an IRS which also binds HNF-3 in the rat tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene, also interact with another DNA/protein complex in gel shift studies. Further, methylation interferences studies, gel shift and transient transfection studies with site-specific mutations identified a single base in the first half of the IRS that is critical both for interactions with proteins in this complex, and for maximal effects of insulin and glucocorticoids, on promoter function. Of note, a 250-fold excess of an oligo containing a C/EBP binding site (but not other AT-rich sequences) inhibits the formation of this complex in gel shift assays. Nevertheless, interactions with this C/EBP site are negligible at lower titers (< or = 100-fold excess), and antibodies against known C/EBP proteins do not react with this complex. Similarly, preincubation with CHOP, a truncated member of the C/EBP family which contains a beta-leucine zipper domain, does not prevent or alter the mobility of this novel DNA/protein complex, indicating that components of this complex do not form heterodimers with beta-ZIP proteins. We conclude that HNF-3 proteins and this novel C/EBP-related DNA/protein complex may play an important role in mediating interactions between glucocorticoids and insulin in the regulation of IGFBP-1 and perhaps multiple hepatic genes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Dideoxy sequencing and structural analysis of the rat insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 gene.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is an important modulator of IGF bioavailability. To facilitate studies of IGFBP-1 regulation and function in rodent models, we cloned the rat IGFBP-1 gene and analyzed its structure by dideoxy sequencing. The rat IGFBP-1 gene is relatively small (approximately 5 kb) and contains 4 exons and 3 introns, similar to the human IGFBP-1 gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and hepatic mRNA are increased in the small for gestational age (SGA) fetal rat.

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) circulate in association with a family of specific binding proteins (BPs). Recently, we reported that circulating levels of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 are increased in streptozotocin-diabetic adult rats and are differentially regulated in accordance with insulin and metabolic status. Since IGF BPs appear to be important modulators of IGF bioactivity in post-natal life, we asked whether serum levels of IGF BPs also might be altered in utero when the delivery of maternal nutrients is restricted and fetal growth is impaired. Bilateral uterine artery ligation or sham surgery was performed on maternal rats on d 19 of gestation (term 21.5 d). One day after ligation (d 20), fetuses were (SGA) compared to shams (3.1 +/- 1 vs 3.7 +/- 0.2 g, p less than .02) and serum levels of glucose (70 +/- 5 vs 96 +/- 6 mg/dL, p less than .01) and insulin (62 +/- 4 vs 138 +/- 14 microU/mL) also were reduced. In contrast, serum [125I]IGF-I binding activity was markedly increased in SGA litters compared to sham (65 +/- 5% maximum binding with 2.5 microL/mL SGA serum vs 14 +/- 3% for sham serum, p less than .001), and correlated with fetal weight (r = -0.539, p less than .05) and insulin (r = -0.622, p less than .05). Ligand blotting with [125I]IGF-I revealed that serum levels of IGFBP-1 (32 K) were greater in SGA than shams, while immunoblotting with specific antiserum demonstrated that levels of IGFBP-2 (34 K), the major fetal rat IGF BP, were similar in serum from SGA and shams litters. Affinity labeling and immunoprecipitation confirmed that IGF binding activity is increased in SGA, due largely to increased availability of IGFBP-1. In addition, Northern analysis of hepatic RNA revealed that the abundance of IGFBP-1 mRNA is increased in the SGA fetal rat, while hepatic mRNA for IGFBP-2 is similar in SGA and sham-operated litters. We conclude that circulating levels of IGFBP-1 and the abundance of hepatic mRNA are increased in the SGA fetal rat. IGFBP-1 may be an important modulator of IGF bioactivity and somatic growth in utero.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1986

Concentration of ivermectin in bovine serum and its effect on the fecundity of psoroptic mange mites.

The concentration-time profile of ivermectin in serum was determined for 3 Hereford heifers. The mean maximum serum concentration, 29 ng of ivermectin/ml, was obtained 48 hours after single subcutaneous injection of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight. The fecundity of mites placed on 9 treated animals at 5, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days after injection was reduced by 96% to 99%. At 24 days after treatment, when serum concentration had decreased to about 2 ng/ml, the capability of mites to produce eggs increased to 50% of mites from nontreated calves. At 27 and 30 days after the drug was injected, egg production by mites on treated calves was equivalent to that of mites on nontreated calves. The reduced fecundity resulted from an almost complete cessation of oviposition by females after only a 1-day exposure to ivermectin-treated calves.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Urodynamic studies following anisoperistaltic end-to-end ureter anastomoses in the swine animal model].

The formation of an animal model for urodynamic examinations after anisoperistaltic anastomoses of the ureter is described. At the animal model pig could be proved that an outlet from the newly created urosystem is possible via the renal fistula of one side. In the two previously isolated parts of the ureter a peristaltic activity is existing after the operation. In this case the newly created ureter between the two kidneys does not behave as a functional unit. The two former partial branches keep their former direction of peristalsis, though there takes place a retrograde perfusion in one part of the ureter. In the urosystem stases develop, in which case the pressure values measured render possible a continued existing of the renal function.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical and morphologic aspects of balloon catheter nephrostomy].

During 23 years in the County Hospitel St. Georg Leipzig 500 nephrostomies were performed. A definitive balloon catheter nephrostomy was performed 58 times. Exclusively the open transparenchymatous establishment was carried out. If no malignant basic disease shortens the survival time, the renal fistulae are tolerated for many years without greater restriction of the renal function. The longest time of observation of a fistulated solitary kidney is about 17 years. The complication rate is small and the psychic stress of the patient as well as the quality of life obtained are tolerable. A preoperative intensive talk with the patient with adequate explanation and alternative demonstration is necessary in every case. An epithelial lining of the channel of the fistula does not take place even after years. The squamous cell epithelium of the external skin and the urothelium of the renal calyces grow only a few centimeters into the fistula. This is lined by inflammatory granulation tissue.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1984

[Excretory behavior in transureteral ureterostomy with unilateral definitive nephrostomy (TUUS II)].

For the sake of clarity it is proposed to label the methods of transureteral ureterostomy as TUUS I and TUUS II. The "volume-impulse method" is used to obtain information on the flow situation from the non-fistulated kidney in TUUS II. It must be considered that all results were obtained under the most favourable conditions of the supine splint. Moreover the flow situation varies according to individual conditions. Following an initial increase in pressure in the non-fistulated system with infinitely great flow resistance of the ureter, an "opening pressure" ist achieved, at which the flow resistance has reached a finite level and drainage from the renal pelvis begins. Above this pressure the flow resistance is regulated so that the increase in pressure caused by normal diuresis is almost negligible. A flow equilibrium is attained in the non-fistulated kidney at pressures which, although unphysiologically high, allow the kidney to function.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Postoperative small intestinal resorption after retropubic extravesical bladder neck adenomectomy (Millin)].

For the recommencement of the physiological nutrition after surgical and urological interventions the normalisation of the postoperatively temporarily disturbed gastrointestinal functions is a decisive prerequisite. With the help of the modified D-xylose-test the postoperative resorption of the small intestine was objectified after retropubic extravesical adenectomy of the vesical neck. While at the day of the operation still a clearly retarded and restricted enteral resorption could be proved, already at the first day after operation a vast normalisation of the resorption of the small intestine developed. At the fourth and eighth day after operation sufficient capacities of resorption were at the patients' disposal, so that they again could be unrestrictedly nourished parenterally. The postoperative functional examination for the assimilation of food is suited for the elaboration of scientifically founded directives for the nutrition of freshly operated patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Bladder paraganglioma].

It is reported on a 76-year-old male with an extraordinarily large paraganglioma of the urinary bladder. As lethal complication a urine diapedesis in the necrotic areas of the tumour with subsequent urine phlegmona was found. Up to now such a complication had not been described.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Behavior of plasminogen in prostatic carcinoma treated with cytonal].

With the help of the lysis time method after Blix as well as of the radial immune diffusion after Mancini in blood donors and in patients with histologically ascertained carcinoma of the prostate estimations of plasminogen were performed. In the group of patients the controls were repeated after having finished the initial therapy. While with the help of the two methods plasminogen values were established before therapy which essentially were within the normal, after the initial therapy with cytonal a significant increase of plasminogen developed. The importance of these findings is discussed in connection with a possible increased rate of fibrinolysis in carcinoma of the prostate.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Transureterureterostomy with definitive nephrostomy--a form of supravesicular urination].

It is reported on 8 transureter-ureterostomies with onesided definitive nephrostomy. In one case the observation period of the definitive urination was about 5 years. We found shorter times of observation, when the patients died of their basic disease. In one case postoperatively a suture insufficiency developed. There were no difficulties with the definitive nephrostomy. The problems of the various methods of supravesical urination are discussed.

Adult↗