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D P Pretschner

Publications and source records attributed to D P Pretschner.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Recommendations of the German Association for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology for education and training in medical informatics.

In the fields of health care and medicine there is an immense demand for a systematic application of methods of information processing and for the use of computers. Obviously, to that end well-trained scientists and qualified personnel must be available. With the present recommendations on education and training in medical informatics the German Association for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (GMDS) proposes structure and contents of medical informatics curricula and courses. The recommendations describe a 2-dimensional educational framework with different education levels in one dimension and various types of educational needs and orientation in the other one. The recommendations comprise at the university level education as well specialized curricula covering the total spectrum of medical informatics as well as informatics curricula with medical informatics as integrated applied subject or subsidiary subject, respectively. Besides these informatics-oriented approaches medical-oriented programs of education in medical informatics are recommended, e.g., post-graduate education in medical informatics for physicians based on foundations in medical informatics as part of their initial training in medicine. At the level of polytechnical schools curricula of medical documentation and informatics and at the level of professional schools training in medical documentation are recommended. This report is a translation of its German original. Although considered by the GMDS as recommendations for the Federal Republic of Germany, the text may also contribute to the development of an international, especially European framework of training in medical informatics.

Germany↗
PubMed1992

Possibilities of software phantoms for quality control of KBS in nuclear medicine.

The assessment of the results of a "knowledge-based system" (KBS) for quality control is a basic requirement for clinical application: Large numbers of test studies are necessary in order to cover as widely as possible the spectrum of cases to be analyzed by the KBS. The use of original patient data as test data is one possibility, but real data are provided unevenly. This is due to the set of characteristics which are relevant to the analysis. Data are available in a limited quantity only. This implies a remaining set of unvalidated cases which are not represented in the data pool. The software phantom is an approach towards systematically guided validation. It permits the generation of test data adjusted to the demands of the validation.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1991

An interactive report generator for bone scan studies.

An interactive report generator for bone scintigraphy will be demonstrated. It comprises a controlled reporting vocabulary, an adaptive user interface, and a text generator. The controlled vocabulary represents the relevant concepts for bone scan reports: anatomical sites, scintigraphical phenomena, and diagnoses, and various attributes for these concept domains. Within the vocabulary selectional constraints are defined that restricts to meaningful combination of concepts. The interface provides intelligent views on the vocabulary, and presents only those terms that are relevant in a certain context. Through the interface the user may choose appropriate terms and combine them to complex findings. A German text generator for a restricted finding language transforms the entered data into morpho-syntactic surface structures and produces acceptable reports.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1988

The engymetric determination of acute functional impairment in kidney graft function caused by cyclosporine A.

Engymetry offers a new means of continuously measuring nuclear radiation fields without any need of restricting the patient's mobility. In this study, kidney function was measured simultaneously and continuously for 6.6 h with engymetry, after application of a 12 h therapy dose of Cyclosporine A (CsA) of 4.0 +/- 1.8 mg per kg bodyweight (bw). 15 kidney transplanted patients participated in this study. 370 MBq 99Tcm-DTPA and 10 MBq 131I-OIH were injected during routine transplant scintigraphy. Renal function was monitored from the external disappearance curves of the tracers recorded by portable double radionuclide detectors. Renal impairment could be seen in the rising phase of CsA or coincided with the CsA maximum in 13 of the 15 patients. Under the impairment the half-life of 99Tcm-DTPA increased from 4.1 +/- 1.2 to 15.9 +/- 12.3 h (p less than 0.005) for 61 +/- 45 min and the half-life of 131I-OIH increased from 3.2 +/- 0.7 to 12.7 +/- 8.4 h (p less than 0.001) for 71 +/- 37 min. With noninvasive engymetry it is possible to detect renal functional impairment during long observation periods. Acute restriction in glomerular filtration and renal blood flow was discovered in human kidney graft recipients after the application of a low therapeutic CsA dose.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1986

The current situation, aspects, and projects concerning nuclear medicine software in Europe.

Since the 1984 Congress of the Society of Nuclear Medicine-Europe in Helsinki, the "Task Group for European Nuclear Medicine Software Cooperation", which became the "Joint ENMS/SNME Nuclear Medicine Software Task Group" in London in 1985, has focused attention on establishing a new COST project (European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research) (COST 1981) in the field of nuclear medicine Software. On 20 March 1986, the mandate was finally approved officially by the COST Committee of Senior Officials in Brussels (see Editorial in this issue). The problems, content, and objectives of specific items and ideas regarding NM software that have been publicized at the European level are dealt with here. The reader actively interested in NM software is encouraged to participate in the COST framework and forum, in order to avoid duplication of effort and to utilize resources more efficiently by coordinating activities in nuclear medicine in Europe.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1985

Difference quantitation of planar and tomographic heart scintigrams with identification of segments using reconstructive three-dimensional reference modelling.

A patient-specific three-dimensional rotational ellipsoidal shell was reconstructed from planar myocardial scintigrams. This model was homogeneously filled with radioactivity ('ideal') and then projected onto the same planes as the actual scintigrams, including the absorption of heart and background. After normalization and inhomogeneous background correction, the actual and 'ideal' images were compared in order to quantify the myocardial, ischemic and infarcted volumes (difference quantitation). 201Tl defects appeared as hot spots. The a priori three-dimensional model was cut into 14 segments by six planes. Tomographic sectional views in any desired plane made possible the identification of the 14 spatial myocardial segments on slice images for difference quantitation. The orientation of the long axis of the left heart responsible for different inseparable overprojections of segments was accounted for. The mathematics of segmentation and reconstructive three-dimensional modelling is described. Computed examples are given. A total of 624 201Tl scintigrams from 78 patients were analysed according to this method. The results obtained for the myocardial, ischemic and infarcted volumes, the orientation of the left heart's axis in the thorax and the identification of spatial myocardial segments on projected and tomographic images, as well as the global myocardial and background kinetics of 201Tl are discussed. The procedure of reference modelling and difference quantitation might also be useful in other imaging modalities, such as emission-computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, computed tomography or nuclear magnetic resonance.

Heart↗
PubMed1985

[Operative indications and surgical procedure in iodine-induced hyperthyroidism].

Clinical course, indications for surgical treatment, and results of treatment in 8 female patients with iodine induced thyrotoxicosis (IIT) are reported. The diagnosis of IIT could be established in all patients by a) clinical hyperthyroidism, b) increased T3 and T4 serum concentrations, and c) previous iodine contamination. Sources of iodine were radiographic contrast agents for urography (n = 4), oral cholecystography (n = 3), intravenous cholangiography (n = 1), phlebography (n = 1), and cranial computer tomography (n = 1). The onset of hyperthyroidism occurred 1-8 weeks after iodine exposure. Indications for surgical treatment of IIT were: 1. autonomous nodular goiter (n = 6), and 2. iodine exacerbation of preexisting thyrotoxicosis in patients with Graves' disease (n = 2). Corresponding to the different pathogenesis of autonomous and immunogenetic goiter the following surgical treatment is recommended: Enucleation of solitary autonomous adenomas or unilateral lobectomy in case of large adenomas, subtotal bilateral lobectomy in toxic multinodular goiter or, preferentially, unilateral lobectomy combined with subtotal resection of the contralateral thyroid lobe; "Near-total" thyroidectomy in Graves' immunopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Nuclear medicine in Europe. Considerations of present status and future trends.

A general view of nuclear medicine's present status and future trends in Europe is given. Nclear medicine procedures, radiopharmaceuticals, annual examinations, equipment, quality assurance, management, and number of installations of gamma cameras, and computer systems in Europe are considered. Market trends are given. The role of nuclear medicine computer systems, hardware and software, is discussed. The situation of nuclear medicine in Europe, especially in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) with regard to economic and medical factors, is investigated.

Computers↗