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Biomedical subjects

D Parris

Publications and source records attributed to D Parris.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Influence of alcohol and drug use on AIDS risk behavior among youth in dropout prevention.

Youth enrolled in dropout prevention and alternative school programs engage in a number of high risk behaviors in greater numbers than those in traditional school settings [1, 2]. However, data on alcohol and drug use influences and risky sexual behavior are often not collected or reported among these youth due to small enrollments and rapid turnover. In this study alcohol and drug use and sexual behaviors were surveyed among 212 youth in dropout prevention. A risk profile score for HIV/AIDS was developed and the contribution of alcohol and drug use to HIV/AIDS risk was determined. Results showed that use of alcohol and drugs and age of sexual initiation were significantly associated with a high risk profile score. Of sexually active youth, 28 percent reported using alcohol or drugs prior to having sexual intercourse and more than half reported not using condoms during their last sexual experience. Males were more likely than females to use alcohol and drugs before having sex, and were more likely to have had sex with two or more partners. Findings from this study suggest that among youth in dropout prevention, the association of alcohol and drug use to HIV/AIDS risk is significant and that prevention programs need to target alcohol and drug use as important influences on risky sexual behavior.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

A peer-led AIDS prevention program for students in an alternative school.

School-based programs designed to measure health risk behavior and reduce the risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have not addressed adequately the needs of adolescents outside of main-stream schools. In Florida, these youth represent a sizable proportion of the population and have been shown to be at increased risk for acquiring sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus. This article describes a peer-led STD/HIV intervention for students in a dropout prevention program in Dade Country, Florida. Trained peer counselor/educators (PCEs) led schoolwide activities and classroom sessions covering STD/HIV information, community health resources, communication and negotiation skills, and safer sex strategies. Teachers and students rated the PCEs effective in promoting discussion and serving as sources of information about AIDS and community health resources. Pre/post intervention questionaire results demonstrated an increase in AIDS awareness and discussion among students as well as an increase in condom use. Based on this social influences approach, peer education appears to be a promising health education strategy for students in dropout prevention programs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

An emulsion formulation of amphotericin B improves the therapeutic index when treating systemic murine candidiasis.

Incorporating amphotericin B into liposomes was reported to decrease amphotericin B toxicity without a concomitant loss of antifungal efficacy. We formulated an alternative emulsion-based delivery system for amphotericin B and compared it with Fungizone. The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) in mice was 1 mg of Fungizone/kg; however, the MTD was greater than 9 mg of the Intralipid emulsion formulation/kg. The emulsion formulation and Fungizone were equipotent for treating systemic candidiasis in mice. Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity, as manifested by polyuria that was resistant to antidiuretic hormone, was markedly diminished when amphotericin B was administered as an emulsion to rats. Loss of potassium from human red blood cells was also reduced by formulating this agent within emulsions. The emulsion formulation extended the survival time of mice that had established Candida albicans infections, when compared with the Fungizone treatment. The efficacy and reduced toxicity of the amphotericin B emulsion are findings suggesting that the emulsion formulation is preferable to Fungizone.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1986

Inhibition by auranofin of pharmacologic and antigen-induced contractions of the isolated guinea pig trachea.

The effects of an orally active gold complex, auranofin, were investigated on the isolated guinea pig trachea contracted pharmacologically and antigenically. Pretreatment of the tracheal tissues for 15 minutes with auranofin (10(-5) and 10(-4) mol/L) produced a significant rightward shift of a histamine dose-response curve (p less than 0.001), whereas a 30-minute pretreatment with auranofin (10(-4) mol/L) inhibited LTD4-induced (but not LTC4-induced) contraction of the tracheal spirals. In tracheas from animals actively sensitized to ovalbumin, auranofin (10(-4) mol/L) significantly inhibited contractions elicited by 0.01 micrograms/ml of this antigen. Auranofin does not appear to behave like a nonspecific suppressant of tracheal muscle contraction since it failed to antagonize a potassium chloride-induced (6 X 10(-2) mol/L) contraction. Therefore, auranofin appears to alter the in vitro response of the guinea pig trachea not only to histamine but also, more importantly, to LTD4 and specific antigen. These results characterize and extend further the pharmacology of auranofin in airway tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pleiotropic expression of Epstein--Barr virus DNA in human epithelial cells.

We have attempted to establish a system that can be used to study the association of Epstein--Barr virus (EBV) with epithelial cells. Attempts were made to transfect human carcinoma cells with EBV DNA. Successful transfection was confirmed by the expression of EBV-specific early antigen (EA), virus capsid antigen, and the presence of virus DNA. The transfecting preparation contained a mixture of EBV and cellular DNA extracted from two producer cell lines, P3HR-1 and AG-876. Our data suggest that virus DNA obtained from the P3HR-1 nontransforming, EA-inducing strain of EBV was lytically expressed in the epithelial tumor cells. The DNA derived from AG-876 cells, which produce a transforming, non-EA-inducing strain of EBV, also produced a lytic infection.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the high-sulphur proteins of reduced mohair. The isolation and amino acid sequence of protein scmkb-m1.2.

The complete amino acid sequence of mohair protein, SCMKB-M1.2 (97 residues), was determined. The protein was isolated from reduced and carboxymethylated mohair by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose phosphate. Peptides for sequence determination were obtained by digestion with trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin and papain, and were fractionated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, paper chromatography and electrophoresis. The sequence of the peptides were determined by the Edman degradation method (by use of both the Beckman Sequence and a non-automatic procedure), and by partial acid hydrolysis. The protein is closely homologous to wool protein SCMKB-IIIB2, and also contains acetylated alanine as N-terminal amino acid.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1971

Studies on the high-sulphur proteins of reduced merino wool. Amino acid sequence of protein SCMKB-3B 3 .

The complete amino acid sequence of wool protein SCMKB-IIIB3 was determined. The peptides used for the sequence work were obtained by peptic and thermolysin digestions and were fractionated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, paper chromatography and electrophoresis. The peptides were analysed by dansyl-Edman degradation, mass spectrometry and tritium-labelling of C-terminal residues. The protein consists of 98 residues and has acetylalanine as N-terminal residue and carboxymethylcysteine as C-terminus. It is homologous with protein SCMKB-IIIB2 (Haylett & Swart, 1969). A salient feature of the sequence of protein SCMKB-IIIB3 is three consecutive cysteine residues.

Amino Acid Sequence↗