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Biomedical subjects

D Patrick

Publications and source records attributed to D Patrick.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Validation of a new quality of life questionnaire for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

In planning a longitudinal study to characterize the natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), we validated a new disease-specific quality of life questionnaire in a pilot study. We studied 110 men in Rochester, Minnesota who spanned the severity of BPH, from men with no known BPH to men who underwent surgery for this condition. Baseline data were obtained on all men, and the 30 who underwent prostatectomy were re-interviewed to test responsiveness. Reproducibility was examined on the pre-post responses (10 weeks apart) of the 37 men with BPH who did not undergo prostatectomy. Six of twelve question domains were retained in the final questionnaire on the basis of their responsiveness to change, reproducibility, internal consistency, and validity. These were: urinary symptoms, degree of bother due to urinary symptoms, BPH-specific interference with activities, general psychological well-being, worries and concerns, and sexual satisfaction. Most of the more generic measures were deleted.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide disrupts confluent monolayers of bovine brain endothelial cells via a serum-dependent cytotoxic pathway.

An in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model consisting of primary cultures of bovine brain microvascular endothelial cells was used to examine the effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) on the BBB. Whole bacteria and purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS; greater than 10 ng/ml) caused marked cytotoxicity on the bovine brain endothelial cells. This effect could be completely blocked by polymyxin B. Similar cytotoxic effects were observed with a cultured bovine pulmonary endothelial cell line. Serum was essential for the LPS-mediated cytotoxic effect, and human, horse, bovine, or fetal calf serum all had similar effects. The serum factor was not a complement component. A monoclonal antibody against CD14, a receptor involved in mediating the effect of LPS in monocytes, completely blocked the cytotoxic effect in both brain and pulmonary endothelial cells. These results suggest that Hib LPS disrupts an in vitro BBB model via a serum- and CD14-dependent pathway and that LPS has cytotoxic effects on bovine endothelial cells without the involvement of monocytic cells, an effect that may be important in gram-negative meningitis and in endotoxic shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Urinary symptom and quality of life questions indicative of obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia. Results of a pilot study.

In a pilot study of a urinary symptom and health-related quality-of-life questionnaire for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), responses from 64 Mayo Clinic patients with cystoscopic evidence of obstructive BPH were compared with those of 14 men with no cystoscopic evidence of BPH and a community sample of 64 comparably aged men with no medical history of prostate enlargement. Questions which best discriminated between the groups were those dealing with urinary symptom frequency, bother due to urinary symptoms, and worry and concern about urinary problems. The results suggest that urinary-symptom-bother and worry due to urinary symptoms may be important additions to the more usual questions asked about urinary frequency in the identification of men with BPH. These findings are preliminary, however, and will be verified in an ongoing natural history study of BPH.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Estimating county percentages of people without health insurance.

County data on the percentage of people without health insurance are seldom available, although state program planning requires such information. As part of an evaluation of Washington's Basic Health Plan (BHP), we conducted a telephone survey in nine Washington counties to estimate the percentage of people under the age of 65 who were uninsured. We used regression analysis to estimate the percentage uninsured in a county as a function of the percentage unemployed. Two validation approaches yielded very good results, suggesting that the equation could be used to estimate the percentage uninsured in unsurveyed counties. The variation ranged from 15% to 23% uninsured in the 9 surveyed counties, and was estimated to range from 9% to 35% among the state's 39 counties. With proper caution, estimates based on this equation can probably be used in other states if better data are unavailable.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1990

Acute abdomen in the patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

When patients who have a ventriculoperitoneal shunt present with an acute abdomen, shunt infection may be the cause. The authors relate the cases of three such patients. Two underwent a laparotomy which failed to show any abnormality and which in retrospect might have been avoided. They review the literature and present a systematic approach to the diagnosis and management of this problem. Specific clues from the patient's history, physical examination and further investigation may clarify the diagnosis. When shunt infection cannot be excluded and the clinical setting does not warrant immediate laparotomy, shunt externalization, cerebrospinal fluid culture, empiric antibiotic therapy and close observation of the patient are recommended.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1989

The role of computed tomography and coronal plane tomography in radiotherapy for laryngeal cancers.

The results of a study undertaken prospectively in 1983 and 1984 to assess the value of computed tomography (CT) and conventional tomography in the planning of radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer are presented. Of 32 cases treated in 1983, 23 had both CT scans and coronal plane tomography prior to radiotherapy. At the end of 1983 these radiographs were reviewed and an assessment made of their value in treatment planning. As a result of this review it was decided that cancers of the larynx confined to the vocal cords should routinely have conventional coronal plane tomograms rather than CT scans. All other cases were to have CT scans and not tomograms. The results of following this policy in 1984 confirm that it is effective. There was no detriment to patients with early vocal cord cancers in performing coronal plane tomograms rather than CT scans. The survival at 24 months of both cohorts was 93%. In the more invasive cancers of the larynx, greater information about the extent of the disease was obtained using CT scans, and improved treatment plans resulted. When compared with a historical group, there appears to be an advantage for local control, 27.3% of the study group suffering local recurrence as opposed to 53.6% of the historical group.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1989

Longitudinal clinical efficacy of Core-Vent dental implants: a five-year report.

During a five-year period (1982 to 1987), 1732 Core-Vent dental implants were consecutively placed in upper and lower edentulous and partially edentulous jaws of male and female patients. Of the 1732 implants placed, 1605 were uncovered after the 3-6-month healing time. Any non-osseointegrated implants were removed, and the stable implants were put into function. No significant difference in osseointegration rate or maintenance of osseointegration between upper and lower jaws in either totally or partially edentulous patients was observed. Over 96% of the 1605 implants achieved and maintained osseointegration during this time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Abnormal kinetic behavior of cytochrome oxidase in a case of Leigh disease.

Cultured skin fibroblasts from a child with fatal lacticacidemia displayed an abnormally high lactate:pyruvate ratio of 77:1, compared with control values of 22:1-27:1. When protease-treated isolated mitochondria were used, activity of the respiratory-chain enzymes was found to be approximately 60% of normal, and adenosine triphosphate synthesis was found to be normal with all substrates tested. In mitochondria prepared by means of digitonin treatment, adenosine triphosphate synthesis was depressed with all substrates tested, suggesting a defect in the operation of the cytochrome oxidase complex. In disrupted whole cells from the patient, cytochrome oxidase activity was 56% of the activity in the control cell line with the lowest activity. In the presence of a twofold excess of oxidized cytochrome c, patient cells showed 31% of the activity in controls. Cytochrome oxidase activity in both sonicated whole-cell preparations and in sonicated mitochondria displayed abnormal kinetics with regard to the substrate-reduced cytochrome c, which was particularly evident in the presence of excess oxidized cytochrome c. We believe that kinetically abnormal cytochrome oxidase complex is responsible for the biochemical and clinical abnormalities present in this patient.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1986

Introduction and expression of the bacterial PaeR7 methylase gene in mammalian cells.

An approach is devised for studying the role of DNA methylation in eukaryotic gene expression. The approach is based on the expression of site-specific bacterial methylase genes in animal cells. A model system using the cloned PaeR7 (an isoschizomer of Xho I) methylase gene was constructed to test the feasibility of this approach. Expression plasmids for the PaeR7 methylase gene were introduced into mouse Ltk- cells by cotransfection with the cloned chicken thymidine kinase (tk) gene. Several of the cell strains derived from Tk+ colonies were found to express the PaeR7 gene as judged by four criteria: the cellular DNA of these strains showed increased resistance to cleavage by Xho I; these strains contained cellular proteins that comigrated with pure PaeR7 methylase protein, as visualized by immunoblotting; PaeR7 methylase activity was found in vitro in crude extracts of total cellular protein from these strains; and murine adenovirus genomes grown on cells expressing PaeR7 methylase showed resistance to cleavage to PaeR7 endonuclease. The potential applications of this approach for the study of cellular and viral gene regulation, DNA repair, and restriction modification are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Wolman disease in a Pakistani infant.

In an infant with Wolman disease, confirmation of the diagnosis was made before death or radioological and enzymological criteria. It is the first case reported in a Pakistani infant.

Adrenal Glands↗