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D Patterson

Publications and source records attributed to D Patterson.

277 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
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Detection of fetal trisomies 21 and 18 from maternal blood using triple gradient and magnetic cell sorting.

PROBLEM: The need for an inexpensive and reproducible technique for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis by fetal cell isolation from maternal blood. METHOD: For enrichment of fetal cells we used a combination of triple density gradient and magnetic sorting (MACS) of (anti-CD71) transferrin receptor antibody labeled cells followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific DNA probes for detection of fetal aneuploidies. We identified 15 cases of fetal trisomy (five cases with a trisomy 18 and ten cases with a trisomy 21) with subsequent chromosome-specific FISH. RESULTS: We found in all of the aneuploid pregnancies that the percentage of cells with three hybridization signals did not overlap with those of normal controls independent from gestational ages and previous invasive procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Our new approach for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis has proven to be reliable in this first series.

Blood Cells↗
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Variant frequency in flap production. A corpus analysis of variant frequency in American English flap production.

This study examined the distribution of allophonic variants [t], [I] or [U], of medial /t/ using a corpus of conversational speech. We utilized a large conversational speech database to generate statistics about the frequency of occurrence of medial flaps. Results confirmed the prevalence of flapping in American English. Low frequency words showed a redistribution of variants from [U] to [t] compared to dominant flapping in high frequency words. A similar redistribution of variant production occurred for morphologically complex words (e.g. dirty) compared with morphologically simple words (e.g. water). A second analysis examining vowel length prior to medial /t/ and medial /d/ showed that, while both stops were pronounced as a flap, the vowel preceding medial /d/ tended to the longer. These results were discussed in reference to potential processes in recognizing spoken words.

Female↗
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New guidelines on ethical considerations in HIV preventive vaccine research.

In March 2000, UNAIDS released annotated guidance points on the ethical considerations of HIV vaccine research (the "Guidance Document"). The guidance points, reproduced at the end of the article, are the product of two years' consultation and debate around the world, yet key questions remain unsettled. This article reviews the process, the outcomes, and the challenges that remain.

AIDS Vaccines↗
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HIV/AIDS, human rights, and development.

In just two decades, AIDS has become the leading cause of death in Africa, and now kills more people worldwide than any other infectious disease. Although current treatments are expensive, and an affordable vaccine in the developing world is many years away, HIV/AIDS prevention programs and activities often remain narrow in their scope, applicability, and impact. A human rights approach to the HIV/AIDS epidemic moves beyond a focus on the individual to address social, economic, and political factors that drive the epidemic, such as gender-based inequalities, poverty, corruption, and government inaction. A rights-based approach empowers affected individuals and communities, and challenges governments to justify their actions (or inaction) to the people they represent and, ultimately, to the global community. We reproduce a fact sheet written by David Patterson for the Interagency Coalition on AIDS and Development (ICAD). It sets out a rights-based approach to development, examines the human rights dimensions of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and gives examples of right-based programming in the context of the developing world. It concludes with sources of further information, both in hard copy and on the web.

Africa, Southern↗
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The International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights--three years on.

1999 was the third anniversary of the drafting of the International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights. This article reviews the history of the Guidelines, notes some obstacles to their implementation, and concludes with suggestions for governments and development agencies.

Canada↗