Biomedical subjects

D Pauly

Publications and source records attributed to D Pauly.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Systematic distortions in world fisheries catch trends.

Over 75% of the world marine fisheries catch (over 80 million tonnes per year) is sold on international markets, in contrast to other food commodities (such as rice). At present, only one institution, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) maintains global fisheries statistics. As an intergovernmental organization, however, FAO must generally rely on the statistics provided by member countries, even if it is doubtful that these correspond to reality. Here we show that misreporting by countries with large fisheries, combined with the large and widely fluctuating catch of species such as the Peruvian anchoveta, can cause globally spurious trends. Such trends influence unwise investment decisions by firms in the fishing sector and by banks, and prevent the effective management of international fisheries.

Agriculture↗

PubMed2000

A preliminary approach on mass-balance ecopath model of the Bohai Sea.

A Bohai Sea mass-balance ecopath model is constructed on the basis of fisheries resources data from the ecosystem survey conducted from April 1982 to May 1983. It is the first ecopath model which consists of 13 function groups (boxes), and only covers the main trophic flow in the Bohai Sea ecosystem. P/B and Q/B parameters (P: production, B: biomass, Q: consumption) for most groups were estimated from similar function groups in other ecopath models of the same latitude regions around. The value of EE (Ecotrophic Efficiency) is the main parameter to check the equilibration of the model. The EE parameters in the model are of high value (> 0.808) for most groups, because the fishing pressure was very high and small living organisms were being heavily preyed upon in the ecosystem. The biomass density of the species commercially utilized estimated by the model is 12.33 ton.km-2. Even though the value is low compared with the density in other ecosystems, such as Caribbean coral reef ecosystem and the Southern B.C. shelf model, it is higher than the value published by some papers on the Bohai Sea using other methods. Considering the lower value estimated by the stock assessment using bottom trawl survey data, the output here is reasonable. It is concluded that the biomass of commercial fishing species in the sea is 950 thousand metric tons, and 338 thousand tons are fish species in the value.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Fishing down marine food webs

The mean trophic level of the species groups reported in Food and Agricultural Organization global fisheries statistics declined from 1950 to 1994. This reflects a gradual transition in landings from long-lived, high trophic level, piscivorous bottom fish toward short-lived, low trophic level invertebrates and planktivorous pelagic fish. This effect, also found to be occurring in inland fisheries, is most pronounced in the Northern Hemisphere. Fishing down food webs (that is, at lower trophic levels) leads at first to increasing catches, then to a phase transition associated with stagnating or declining catches. These results indicate that present exploitation patterns are unsustainable.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1990

[Hematologic anomalies and triploidy].

Major macrocytosis seems to be suggestive of triploidy in dysmature infants with multiple malformations. This marker may prove ethically useful since its presence may justify withholding special therapies until results of the karyotype are obtained.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1985

[In vitro release of lipopolysaccharide in Escherichia coli by addition of antiseptic and disinfectant products].

Release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by E. coli following addition of antiseptics and disinfectants was investigated using the Limulus test. The five following compounds were studied: glutaraldehyde (cidex 2%), chlorhexidine 0.05%, povidone iodine 5%, aqueous formol 37%, and cetavlon 20%. These compounds were used in concentrations 2 to 4 times greater than the previously determined minimal inhibitory concentrations. LPS concentration falls sharply following addition of glutaraldehyde (cidex) to a suspension of E. coli (approximately 10(6)/ml). Released LPS is completely inhibited by formol and cetavlon. In contrast, high levels of LPS persist in the presence of chlorhexidine and povidone iodine. These results illustrate the need for thoroughly and generously washing all non-autoclavable equipment exposed to these chemical agents.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗