PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Persaud

Publications and source records attributed to D Persaud.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Varicella does not appear to be a cofactor for human immunodeficiency virus infection in children.

We performed a retrospective analysis of longitudinal clinical and immunologic data obtained from 22 children in the early stages of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) when they developed varicella. We studied the course of HIV infection to determine whether clinical deterioration occurred after chickenpox. We examined the following indices: growth and development; neurologic status; helper T lymphocyte counts; blood values of core (p24) antigen of HIV; changes in the stage of HIV infection; and need for administration of zidovudine. We studied children for a mean of 2.8 years and for as long as 9.8 years after onset of varicella. There was little evidence that chickenpox affected HIV infection. Three (14%) children developed clinical zoster, 2 of whom (9%) had evidence of chronic infection with varicella-zoster virus. One additional child (5%) had 2 episodes of chickenpox. These observations suggest that children with early HIV infection could be considered for immunization with live attenuated varicella vaccine, which would be predicted to decrease their morbidity from varicella-zoster virus.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1992

Delayed recognition of human immunodeficiency virus infection in preadolescent children.

Thirty-two (18%) of 181 children cared for at our institution who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were first seen, and HIV was diagnosed, when they were 4 years of age and older. Initial complaints or diagnoses for these children included the following: hematologic disorders (5) (3 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 1 neutropenia, 1 anemia); recurrent bacterial infections (10); Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (3); developmental delay (1); skin disorders (2) (1 genital wart, 1 chronic zoster); weight loss (3); malignancy (1); and nephropathy (1). Eight children were referred for evaluation because of maternal HIV-1 infection. The risk factors for HIV-1 infection included maternal/perinatal exposure (22), perinatal blood transfusion (6), blood transfusion during infancy (2), and sexual abuse (2). Ten (31%) of the 32 children have subsequently died. The longest survival from perinatal infection was 12 years. HIV-1 infection in children can result in a prolonged clinical latency and can masquerade as other pathologic conditions. The absence of clinical symptoms in older children at risk for HIV-1 infection should not deter HIV testing.

Child↗
PubMed1991

A randomized controlled trial of early amniotomy.

OBJECTIVE-To determine if a policy of early amniotomy resulted in a reduction in mean labour duration when compared to a policy of conservation of the membranes. DESIGN-A single-centre randomized controlled trial. SETTING-A tertiary care teaching hospital in Alberta, Canada. SUBJECTS-Ninety-seven term nulliparae in spontaneous labour, baby in cephalic presentation. INTERVENTION-Early amniotomy versus intent to keep membranes intact. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES-Interval from randomization to delivery, rate of abnormalities of fetal heart rate tracings, cord artery blood pH, Apgar scores. RESULTS-The mean interval from randomization to delivery was 390.9 (SE 29.1) min in the amniotomy group and 442.9 (SE 34.1) min in the control group (P = 0.251). There were no differences between groups in the occurrence of fetal heart rate tracing abnormalities, nor was there a difference in the proportion of babies with abnormal Apgar scores, or abnormal cord pH (less than 7.20). CONCLUSION-The results of the study fail to support the long held belief that early amniotomy is an effective method for reducing labour duration.

Amnion↗
PubMed1989

Inflammatory bowel disease: a controlled study of late pregnancy outcome.

A retrospective controlled study of 98 pregnancies complicated by inflammatory bowel disease was conducted with control pregnancies matched for parity, sex of offspring, year of delivery, and maternal age. Two control pregnancies were paired with each study case. There was no significant difference in weight gain or hemoglobin levels between the two groups. However, patients with inflammatory bowel disease had a statistically significantly higher preterm delivery rate (p less than 0.01) than the rate of the control group. The risk of these two disorders was further increased when exacerbation of the bowel disease occurred during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Simultaneous use of Doppler ultrasound and electromagnetic flow probes in fetal flow assessment.

A placental embolization model in the fetal lamb was used to examine the relationship between acute and chronic alternations in placental vascular resistance and changes in flow velocity waveforms as measured by Doppler and electromagnetic flow probes. The peak systolic to end-diastolic (S/D) ratio measured by these techniques was .885 and the correlations between Doppler S/D ratio and placental vascular resistance in the acute and chronic situations were .86 and .339, respectively. This preliminary data suggest that flow velocity waveforms are independent of the method used and that remarkable differences occur in the placental microcirculation during acute and chronic embolization.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Clinical utility of multiple-dose administration of prostaglandin E2 gel.

An open-label study was undertaken to assess the clinical impact of multiple doses of intracervical prostaglandin E2 (0.5 mg) gel administered at 6-hour intervals. Fifty women with low Bishop scores requiring induction of labor were recruited. The prestudy mean Bishop score was 2.3 +/- 1.1 and changed significantly with one (p less than 0.001), two (p less than 0.001), and three (p less than 0.002) doses. The mean gestational age of patients receiving three doses was significantly less than that of patients receiving one dose, (38.5 versus 40.1 weeks, p less than 0.005). Prostaglandin E2 gel induced labor in 56% of patients, but 14% required subsequent oxytocin (Syntocinon) augmentation. Cesarean section was performed in 6% of patients. No deleterious fetal, neonatal, or maternal effects occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ultrasound evaluation of tachycardia-induced hydrops in the fetal lamb.

Nonimmune hydrops was induced in six fetal lambs at 120 days' gestation by right atrial pacing at 300 beats/min. Biochemical, hemodynamic, and Doppler parameters were observed and monitored by real-time ultrasound during the creation (18 to 42 hours) and resolution of hydrops. The significant changes seen were hypoproteinemia (34.3 to 29.0 mg/100 ml), venous hypertension (24.6 to 31.3 mm Hg), decreases in thoracic aorta flow, and decreases in systolic/diastolic ratios in the aorta and umbilical artery. These changes were reversed with the discontinuation of pacing and the resolution of fetal hydrops.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Follicular factors, serum estradiol, and outcome of pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

Success rate of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) depends upon clinical and laboratory variables. This study compared follicular measurements and serum estradiol (E2) between 23 delivered and 23 nonpregnant controls following IVF-ET. E2, number of large follicles (no.), E2/no. ratio, total diameter of large follicle (TD), and the E2/TD ratio were compared between the two groups and between 23 women who delivered and 10 who aborted. E2 (P = 0.03), E2/no. (P = 0.006), and E2/TD (P = 0.005) were found to differ significantly between delivered and controls and between delivered and those who aborted.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasound prediction of pulmonary hypoplasia.

Normograms for ultrasound-measured fetal chest and heart circumferences were constructed from 83 normal pregnancies of 24 to 39 weeks' duration. Of six cases at risk for pulmonary hypoplasia, all of whom ultimately proved to have the condition, four fell below the fifth percentile for chest circumferences. Both cases in which the chest circumference was within the normal range had pleural effusions.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1984

Cervical ripening and labor induction with intracervical triacetin base prostaglandin E2 gel: a placebo-controlled study.

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a single-dose, shelf-stable preparation of prostaglandin E2 gel (PGE2) when used intracervically in patients with low Bishop scores. Two different preparations (0.5 and 0.25 mg) of PGE2 were used and a total of 45 patients were studied. Both preparations of PGE2 demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the spontaneous labor rate as compared with the placebo gel. Bishop scores were altered in all patients not proceeding to labor spontaneously, but the changes were most significant in the low- and high-dose groups. No significant deleterious affects were noted. The efficacy and safety of this new, sterile, and stable preparation makes it suitable for clinical use.

Apgar Score↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect on smoking behavior of an assertive request to refrain from smoking.

The effect of assertively asking a smoker to refrain from smoking was investigated to determine if individuals could reduce their exposure to passive smoke with a simple request. The results showed that an assertive request was complied with in a significant number of interactions. The location where the request was made had a significant effect on whether the smoker complied or not to the request.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Investigation of penetration abilities of various oils into human hair fibers.

In this work we have explored capillary adhesion between hair fibers treated with different types of oils. With coconut, olive, and sunflower oils the capillary adhesion was found to decrease with time, but not with mineral oil. Application of heat reduced the capillary adhesion further for coconut and sunflower oils. Again, this was not observed with mineral oil. Based on an earlier study, where coconut oil was found to penetrate hair while mineral oil was unable to do so, it was hypothesized that the reduction in capillary adhesion resulted from the penetration of oil into the fiber, leaving a thinner oil film on the surface. Such a reduction in capillary adhesion can be explained by changes in Laplace pressure and in the areas of liquid bridges formed between the fibers. The thinning of oil films on the surface of hair has been confirmed independently by goniophotometric measurements on single hair fibers treated with coconut, sunflower, and mineral oils. Thick films of oil (thicker than approximately 0.5 microm) are known to mask the scale structure. As the oil is absorbed into the hair, the film thins with time and application of heat, and the scale structure reappears. This change can be conveniently determined by measuring the scale angle, using the well established goniophotometric protocol. The agreement between the two methods supports the concept that the reduction in capillary adhesion between hair fibers is most likely due to thinning of oil films by absorption of oil into the hair.

Hair↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer-assisted interactive video instruction in nursing (CAIVIN).

Computer-assisted interactive video instruction in nursing (CAIVIN) uses a team approach in designing and producing interactive software. The team's goal is to produce videodiscs in a variety of settings within nursing specialties. The current focus is decision making in medical-surgical nursing using the nursing process as the problem-solving model. Interactive video is used to make a smooth, safe transition from theory to practice through the use of simulations.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗