PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Peschos

Publications and source records attributed to D Peschos.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Selenium in serum and neoplastic tissue in breast cancer: correlation with CEA.

Trace element selenium (Se) is regarded to be a breast cancer preventive factor involved in multiple protective pathways. In all, 80 women with breast cancer who underwent a radical mastectomy were enrolled in the study. Serum Se and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were measured using a fluorometric and IRMA assay, respectively. Se tissue concentration was determined by a tissue extracting fluorometric assay. For statistical analysis purposes t-test was used and P-values <0.001 were regarded as statistically significant. Serum Se was 42.5+/-7.5 microg l(-1) in breast cancer patients and 67.6+/-5.36 microg l(-1) in the age-matched control group of healthy individuals. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen in patients was 10+/-1.7 U ml(-1) (normal <2.5 U ml(-1) in nonsmokers/<3.5 U ml(-1) in smokers). A statistically significant difference was found for both serum Se and CEA between two groups studied (P<0.001). Neoplastic tissue Se concentration was 2,660+/-210 mg g(-1) tissue; its concentration in the adjacent non-neoplastic tissue was 680+/-110 mg g(-1) tissue (P<0.001). An inverse relationship between Se and CEA serum levels was found in the two groups studied (r=-0.794). There was no correlation between serum/tissue Se concentration and stage of the disease. The decrease in serum Se concentration as well as its increased concentration in the neoplastic breast tissue is of great significance. These alterations may reflect part of the defence mechanisms against the carcinogenetic process.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Intravitreal dirofilariasis: a rare ocular infection.

Human ocular dirofilariasis is a zoonotic disease, rare in Europe, caused by filarial nematodes. The parasite is either encysted in a subcutaneous nodule or located under the bulbar conjunctiva. We report the case of a 62-year-old man with intravitreal dirofilariasis, which is a rare site of presentation of the nematode in the human eye. It was located in the fundus area and was surgically removed. The nematode was identified as Dirofilaria repens (D. conjuctiva) by two different Microbiology Departments, making this the fifth report of identified intravitreal dirofilariasis caused by D. repens in the relative literature.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (gelatinase B) in benign, premalignant and malignant laryngeal lesions.

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic zinc-containing enzymes, which are responsible for the breakdown of the extracellular matrix components in pathological and physiological conditions. They are involved in basement membrane disruption, stroma and blood vessel penetration, metastasis and more recently there is evidence that they participate in tumor growth and angiogenic events. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP 2 and 9) belong to the gelatinases, a subgroup of MMPs, and have the capacity to degrade the triple helix type IV collagen of basal lamina of the basement membrane. With the present study, we tried to demonstrate the expression of MMP-9 immunohistochemically, comparatively in benign, premalignant and malignant lesions of the larynx. We studied 154 laryngeal lesions including 55 squamous cell carcinomas, 8 in situ carcinomas, 54 cases of dysplasia (of low and intermediate grade), 13 papillomas and 24 cases of keratosis. Overexpression of MMP 9 was observed in 74.4% and 50% in invasive and in situ squamous cell carcinomas respectively. In dysplastic cases, in papillomas and in keratoses the percentage of overexpression was 62.9%, 61.53% and 54.16% respectively and the expression of MMP-9 was significantly higher in invasive squamous cell carcinomas compared to dysplasias (p=0.000004). Also significantly higher was the expression of MMP-9 in dysplastic cases compared to papillomas (p=0.023). The MMP-9 expression was related neither to survival nor to the other available clinicopathological parameters (tumor size, grade, clinical stage, lymph node status and patient age). In conclusion, our study indicates that the expression of MMP-9 is up-regulated in a stepwise fashion, with two main steps, the first one, when a dysplastic lesion evolves and the next one, when the dysplasia progresses to invasive carcinoma.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed2005

Involvement of dysadherin and E-cadherin in the development of testicular tumours.

Testicular neoplasms are comprised of a variety of histologically different forms, and their pathogenesis has not been elucidated. Dysadherin is a recently described cell membrane glycoprotein, which has an anticell-cell adhesion function and downregulates E-cadherin. In this study, we examined immunohistochemically the expression of E-cadherin and dysadherin in 120 testicular neoplasms (37 seminomas-26 classic, five spermatocytic and six anaplastic-, 45 embryonal carcinomas, 10 mixed germ cell tumours, two yolk sac tumours, 10 mature and eight immature teratomas and eight non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas), clinical stage I. The intensity, the expression pattern and the percentage of neoplastic cell staining was recorded and correlated with the histologic type and vascular/lymphatic invasion. Dysadherin was not expressed in non-neoplastic germ cells, neither in CIS/ITGCNU, but it was highly expressed in all types of germ cell tumours, that demonstrated either embryonic phenotype or somatic differentiation, in most terminally differentiated neoplasms, and in all lymphomas. Dysadherin expression did not correlate with vascular invasion. Increased dysadherin expression was correlated with aberrant E-cadherin expression in most tumours. In 17% of embryonal carcinomas colocalisation of dysadherin and membranous E-cadherin staining was noted. This is the first report on dysadherin expression and its association with E-cadherin in testicular tumours. Since dysadherin is not normally expressed in non-neoplastic testis, it is conceivable that it plays a role in the neoplastic transformation of germ cells. In testicular tumours, as in other neoplasms, dysadherin downregulates E-cadherin expression, at least in part.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Immunohistochemical study of angiogenesis and proliferative activity in epiretinal membranes.

Formation of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) is a serious complication of retinal diseases, the most important being proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). In this study, our goal was to (i) calculate the microvessel density (MVD), (ii) evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and (iii) correlate angiogenesis with the proliferative activity as expressed by the expression of Ki67 marker, in both membrane types. We performed immunohistochemistry in 14 PVR and eight PDR membranes, using antibodies against CD34, VEGF, Ki67 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. PDR membranes presented higher average count of microvessels compared with PVR membranes (p = 0.0015). No differences were observed concerning VEGF expression (p = 0.1). The expression of Ki67 was not correlated with microvessel number or VEGF expression. Our study confirms the presence of vascularisation in PDR membranes, as well as the presence of VEGF even in avascular PVR membranes, suggesting that immunoreactivity for VEGF may not be accompanied by angiogenesis.

Cell Proliferation↗
PubMed2005

Giant simple renal cyst complicated with hypertension.

Solitary renal cysts are a common and usually asymptomatic occurrence in older patients. They may be associated with hypertension or abdominal disturbances, as they can be responsible for compression of surrounding tissues and distortion of renal vessels. This report presents an interesting case of a hypertensive patient with a solitary renal cyst of a marked size. Owing to the high risk of performing a surgical procedure in such a patient, a distinct therapeutic solution was opted for. Successful management of this case was achieved by a combination of percutaneous fluid aspiration and injection of alcohol and Vibramycin inside the cystic cavity. Percutaneous fluid evacuation combined with the administration of a sclerosing agent is suggested as a safe and effective alternative for cyst decompression and blood pressure normalisation.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans occuring in a child.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) usually occurs in adults, however it can also occur in infancy and childhood. Diagnosis of DFSP in children is quite difficult given the rarity of the tumor and its variegated appearance. The behavior of this neoplasm is of borderline or intermediate malignancy with a high rate of recurrence but limited metastatic potential. We present the case of an eleven-year old boy who presented with a slightly raised, not tender lesion on his right shoulder. It had appeared two years before as a red-brown plaque and since then it had gradually grown to a nodule. An excisional biopsy was performed, and the diagnosis of DFSP was made based on the histological and immunohistochemical findings.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2005

Cell cycle proteins in laryngeal cancer: role in proliferation and prognosis.

A study of laryngeal carcinomas was performed in order to analyze (a) the expression of p53/p21, cyclin D1/cyclin E, p21/p27 (b) the relation of normal and abnormal protein expression, with the proliferation status, as determined by the expression of Ki67 and PCNA and (c) the correlation of our findings with prognosis. We performed a retrospective analysis of 57 cases of squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx. We applied monoclonal antibodies against p53, p21, p27, cyclin D1, cyclin E, Ki67 and PCNA, using streptavidin-biotin method. Analysis of the p53/p21 proteins, revealed abnormalities in 25/37 cases (67.57%), while 12/37 (32.43%) cases displayed normal phenotype (p53-/p21-). Analysis of cyclins revealed overexpression in 17/48 cases (35.42), while the majority 31/48(64.58%) displayed normal phenotype (cyclin D1-/cyclin E-). Concerning CDKIs expression, the majority 30/50(60%) presented high levels of both inhibitors (p21+/p27+). Cases with simultaneous overexpression of CDKIs demonstrated significantly higher levels of Ki67 protein (p = 0.05). Analysis of p53/p21, cyclin D/cyclin E, p21/p27 patterns showed no association between the presence of one or two alterations and prognosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that p53 tumor suppressor pathway is frequently disrupted in laryngeal cancer. Furthermore, levels of CDKIs, although they act as cell cycle activity blockers, are not reliable markers for the estimation of laryngeal neoplastic cells growth fraction.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2005

Genetic models of human cancer as a multistep process. Paradigm models of colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and chronic myelogenous and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Tumour formations arise as a consequence of alterations in the control of cell proliferation as well as with disorders in interactions between cells and their environment that result in invasion and metastasis. Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of malignant diseases have been dominated by research in colorectal cancer. Genetic alterations of several proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes (e.g. APC/MCC, RAS, DCC, p53 mutations and/or allelic losses, hyperexpression of c-MYC and RB genes), as well as other genomic alterations, appear at characteristic stages of tumor development and are observed in most neoplasms. Generally, the normal cell has multiple independent mechanisms that regulate its growth and differentiation potential, and several separate events would, therefore, be needed to override these control mechanisms, as well as induce the other aspects of the transformed phenotype, like metastasis. These signals may be either positive or negative, and the acquisition of tumorigenicity results from genetic changes that affect these control points following a multistep mode. Statistics of the frequency of cancer incidence with age in humans indicate that for the genesis of e.g. lung carcinoma, five or six steps are required. Other types of cancers, such as leukemias and sarcomas, probably require quite a different number of rate-limiting changes. One of the best characterized tumours to provide a genetic model is colorectal tumorigenesis. Mutations implicated in breast cancer tumorigenicity are also studied and used as a genetic model in the literature worldwide. Finally, activation of c-abl in chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia could also be presented as an example, which provides probably the strongest evidence for the role of proto-oncogenes in human malignancy process.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

Expression patterns of cyclins D1, E in laryngeal epithelial lesions: correlation with other cell cycle regulators (p53, pRb, Ki-67 and PCNA) and clinicopathological features.

The expression of cell-cycle progression molecules cyclin D1 and cyclin E were immunohistochemically examined in a series of 64 squamous cell invasive carcinomas of the larynx, 10 in situ carcinomas, 34 cases of dysplasia, 11 papillomas and 23 cases of keratosis. The results of their expression were compared with two cell-cycle implicated tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRb as well as with two proliferation associated indices PCNA and Ki-67 in an attempt to elucidate their potential role in the pathogenesis and progression of these lesions. Nuclear staining for cyclin D1 and E (>5% positive cells) was observed in 19% and 39.7% of the laryngeal carcinomas, respectively. Significantly elevated levels of cyclin D1 and E in invasive laryngeal carcinomas compared with in situ carcinomas were revealed (p=0.045 and p=0.0003, respectively). High levels of cyclin D1 and E expression were correlated with increased Ki-67 score (p=0.037 and 0.017 respectively). A significant positive correlation between cyclin D1 and E was also detected in carcinomas (p=0.018). Decreased levels of cyclins D1 and E in the group of in situ carcinomas compared with those of dysplastic cases and papillomas were also observed. In the dysplastic lesions cyclin D1 expression was correlated with pRb expression (p=0.02). In the cases of keratosis cyclins D1 and E expression were correlated with pRb (p=0.002 and p=0.036, respectively), while cyclin D1 was associated with PCNA (p=0.008) and Ki-67 score (p=0.009). The prognostic significance of cyclins D1, E in determining the risk of recurrence and overall survival with both univariate (long-rang test) and multivariate (Cox regression) methods of analysis showed no statistically significant differences. We conclude that the expression of cyclins D1 and E in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx does not seem to have a prognostic significance. In addition, their expression may be involved in the development of laryngeal lesions, implicated in cell proliferation, with other cell cycle related proteins, probably by different molecular pathways.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Expression of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin in laryngeal epithelial lesions: correlation with fibronectin, CD44, cathepsin D and proliferation indices.

Tenascin (TN) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein expressed in areas of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during embryogenesis and in neoplasia. We studied the expression of TN in a series of 35 squamous cell invasive carcinomas of the larynx, 13 in situ carcinomas, 41 cases of dysplasia, 10 papillomas and 18 cases of keratosis using the monoclonal antibody TN2 on paraffin-embedded tissue. TN expression was correlated with the expression of fibronectin, CD44 and cathepsin D (CD) proteins, with the proliferation indices Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as well as with conventional clinicopathological variables. Malignant tumours showed a significantly greater stromal TN staining than benign lesions. In invasive carcinomas, the immunoreactivity was statistically higher than that in situ (P=0.01), dysplastic lesions (P<0.0001), papillomas (P=0.004) and keratosis (P<0.0001). A statistically significant difference of TN expression between in situ and dysplastic lesions was observed (P=0.001). In invasive lesions, TN expression was statistically correlated with CD44 expression (P=0.02) and a trend for correlation with CD of tumour cells and fibronectin expression was found (P=0.06 and P=0.09, respectively). The relationship of TN expression with the histological grade and the proliferative activity was insignificant. In conclusion, stromal TN expression may be involved in the complex mechanism of development of laryngeal lesions and may help to predict the risk of progression of pre-cancerous lesions to cancer.

Cathepsin D↗
PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical expression of metallothionein in benign premalignant and malignant epithelium of the larynx: correlation with p53 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen.

In this study we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of metallothionein (MT) in 44 squamous cell carcinomas, 14 cases of in situ carcinoma, 47 with epithelial dysplasia, 11 papillomas and 21 cases of keratosis. The MT expression was studied in correlation with p53 protein expression and the proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The monoclonal antibodies E9 (anti-MT), DO-7 (which reacts with a denaturation-resistant epitope in wild-type and mutant p53) and PC10 (anti-PCNA) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were used employing the immunoperoxidase (ABC) method. The immunohistochemical localization of MT has shown its rather ubiquitous presence in the cytoplasm and nucleus of both benign and malignant epithelial cells. In most cases the adjacent "normal" epithelium showed low positivity in the basal portion. The mean value of metallothionein expression was 35.73 in squamous cell carcinomas, 32.21 in in situ carcinomas, 11.86 in dysplastic epithelium, 5.10 in papillomas and 3.5 in keratosis. In carcinomas, low MT expression (< 10% of neoplastic cells) was observed in 20.5% of the cases, moderate (10%-50% of neoplastic cells) in 54.5% and extensive expression (> 50% of neoplastic cells) in 25% of the cases. We did not find any statistically significant difference of MT expression between in situ and infiltrating carcinomas, while we did observe a significant difference between carcinomas and the other groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the PCNA values in both benign and malignant lesions, while no statistically significant difference was observed in p53 protein expression in the above groups. A positive correlation between MT expression and the PCNA value (p < 0.0001) in the benign and malignant groups was detected. The PCNA value was also correlated with the p53 protein expression (p = 0.001). No correlation was found between MT and p53 protein expression. In conclusion, these results suggest that the MT expression may play a role in the development of malignant disease of the larynx, from the early phase of laryngeal carcinogenesis, independently from the p53 expression. It is also possible to contribute to tumour cell growth, as determined by the PCNA score.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Glycoprotein CD44 expression in benign, premalignant and malignant epithelial lesions of the larynx: an immunohistochemical study including correlation with Rb, p53, Ki-67 and PCNA.

CD44 is an integral membrane glycoprotein that has diverse functions in cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions. It has been suggested that it may be a determinant of metastatic and invasive behavior in carcinomas. The immunohistochemical expression of CD44 was examined in a series of 34 squamous cell carcinomas, 13 in situ carcinomas, 35 cases with various degrees of epithelial dysplasia, 10 papillomas and 17 cases of keratosis. We used the monoclonal mouse anti-human phagocytic glycoprotein-1 CD44 (clone DF 1485), on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. CD44 expression was correlated with the expression of Rb and p53 proteins, with the proliferative indices Ki-67 and PCNA as well as with conventional clinicopathological data. The mean value of CD44 expression was 78.84 in squamous cell carcinomas, 78.04 in situ carcinomas, 54.93 in dysplasia, 26.8 in papillomas and 24.97 in keratosis. There was no significant difference of CD44 expression between in situ and invasive carcinomas. However, a strong difference of reaction between carcinomas and the other cases was observed. CD44 expression was statistically higher in dysplastic lesions than the cases of keratosis (p < 0.0001) and papillomas (p = 0.01). In the group of invasive carcinomas, CD44 expression was statistically correlated with pRb (p = 0.011), while in preinvasive lesions it was correlated with PCNA (p = 0.016). The relationship with the degree of dysplasia or grade of carcinoma and p53 protein expression was insignificant. These observations suggest that CD44 expression may be involved in the multiple mechanism of the development and progression of laryngeal lesions and may help to predict the risk of transformation of the benign or precancerous lesions to cancer.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Altered patterns of retinoblastoma gene product expression in benign, premalignant and malignant epithelium of the larynx: an immunohistochemical study including correlation with p53, bcl-2 and proliferating indices.

In order to study the altered Rb, bcl-2 and p53 proteins expression during laryngeal carcinogenesis and to elucidate the role of these molecules in the development and progression of the lesions, we have examined the immunohistochemical expression of these markers in a series of 41 squamous cell carcinomas, 14 cases of in situ carcinoma, 47 with epithelial dysplasia, 11 papillomas and 20 cases of keratosis. Rb protein was expressed in 69.7% (> 5% positive neoplastic cells) of squamous cell carcinomas and p53 in 40% (> 5% positive cells). There was a strong statistically significant difference for Rb, Ki-67 and PCNA immunostaining between malignant, premalignant and benign lesions, increasing from keratosis, papillomas, dysplasia to carcinoma in situ or infiltrating squamous Ca. Rb protein expression was also strongly correlated with p53, Ki-67 and PCNA, while p53 protein was strongly correlated with Ki-67 (p = 0023) and PCNA (p = 0.0031) indices, in all lesions. In conclusion Rb and p53 altered proteins expression seems to play an active role in laryngeal carcinogenesis, probably from the early phase, and is correlated with proliferative activity. Also, Rb protein expression is correlated with the progression of the lesion and could be considered as indication of poor prognosis in laryngeal lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistochemical expression of cathepsin D in laryngeal epithelial lesions: correlation with CD44 expression, p53 and Rb status and proliferation associated indices.

Clinical studies in several tumour types have shown a strong correlation between cathepsin D expression and tumour progression. Immunohistochemical staining for cathepsin D (clone D13A) was performed in paraffin embedded-tissues from 39 invasive squamous cell carcinomas, 13 in situ carcinomas, 35 cases of dysplasia, 10 papillomas and 17 cases of keratosis. The association between cathepsin D expression and CD44, p53, Rb proteins and proliferation indices (Ki-67, PCNA) was assessed by univariate analysis. Cathepsin D was highly positive in the groups of carcinomas compared to other lesions (p < 0.0001). A statistically significant correlation of cathepsin D expression with CD44 expression was observed in invasive cancers (p = 0.037). The relationship of cathepsin D immunoreactivity with p53, Rb and proliferation indices was insignificant. The results show that cathepsin D is expressed in a higher proportion of cancerous lesions of the larynx than in non cancerous or premalignant lesions, a fact which suggests that cathepsin D may be involved in laryngeal tumour cell growth process.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors p21(WAF1) and p27(KIP1) in benign, premalignant and malignant laryngeal lesions. correlation with cell cycle regulatory proteins.

BACKGROUND: Cell cycle progression and transition of cells from the first gap phase (G1) to the DNA replication phase (S) depend on a finely tuned balance between the levels of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 57 squamous cell invasive carcinomas of the larynx, 10 in situ carcinomas, 56 cases of dysplasia, 11 papillomas and 26 keratosis. We investigated: a) the immunohistochemical expression of CDKIs, p21 and p27, b) any possible relation between normal and abnormal immunoprofiles of these proteins and p53 protein and proliferation status as determined by the expression of Ki67 and PCNA, and c) their presence in pre-malignant and malignant laryngeal lesions. RESULTS: Expression of p21 and p27 was observed in 58.9% and 89.5% of the laryngeal carcinomas, respectively. High levels of p21 were significantly correlated with increased cyclin D (p=0.001), cyclin E (p<0.001) and Ki67 (p<0.001), while increased expression levels of p27 were associated with p53 accumulation (p=0.02) and with increased proliferation status as expressed by Ki67 (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: Due to the increased expression levels of CDKIs in laryngeal carcinomas, we suggest the existence of a mechanism by which tumor cells tolerate the inhibitory effect of these proteins on cell cycle progression.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗