Biomedical subjects

D Petkov

Publications and source records attributed to D Petkov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Magnetic resonance imaging--diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumor formations (cyst) in the abdomen cavity during pregnancy].

The existence of tumor formations with unidentified origin in the abdomen cavity of the pregnant can cause serious problems during the operative intervention. It is critical to find the organ origin of the existing formation and it's relations with the neighboring organs. In the following article we present some of the capabilities of the magnetic resonance tomography as a complementally to the existing in the clinical practice classical and special methods for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumor formations in the abdomen cavity during pregnancy. MRI locates precisely the organ origin, the type and the size of the cyst formation, furthermore it helps to determine in detail the access point, the type and size of the operative intervention. The technique is harmless concerning the pregnancy and the development of a normal, healthy fetus.

Abdominal Cavity↗

PubMed2004

[Effect of antegrade brain perfusion on neurogical complications after surgical treatment of aneurysm and dissection with circulatory arrest].

From January 2001 until December 2003 twenty patients have been operated for acute or chronic dissection with involvement of the aortic arch. 16 of them were men, and 4--women, with middle age of 57 years. Two methods of cerebral perfusion have been used--hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) or selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP). Direct cannulation or suturing of vascular prosthesis to the brachiocephalic trunk has been used for ACP. Twelve (12) partial and 8 total arch replacements have been done. The duration of ACP (54 min.) is longer than the time of HCA (32 min.). The neurological postoperative complications--coma (7.6%) and ischemic encephalopathy (30.4%), were significantly lower in the group with ACP than in the group of the HCA--14.2% and 42.6% respectively. Overall mortality is 15%--3 patients dying after the 30th day. Preoperative hemodynamic instability and neurological symptoms are strongly related with postoperative neurological complications. The method of cerebral protection did not influence the mortality, but the postoperative neurological complications are significantly lower in the group with ACP. We recommend ACP in all cases of acute aortic dissection and all aneurisms with arch involvement needing extended surgical operation.

Aortic Dissection↗

PubMed2000

[Pulmonary microlithiasis-analysis of a case].

The pulmonary microlithiasis is a very rare disease, and each new patient present a special interest. It is given an opportunity to discuss some new aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis which are unclear. This case concerns a woman (42 years old) in whose case some particularities in the clinical course have been analyzed and discussed. The essential in the clinical course was practically lack of clinical manifestation and disturbances during a very long period--about 25 years from the beginning of the disease, and very fast development during last year, manifested by the pulmonary deficiency. It was also marked the absence of respiratory infection during this long unmanifested period. The lack of the familial tendency and occupational noxious in this case rise the question about some new aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Namely, the disturbances in the recyclation of the pulmonary surfactant as a clue moment in the development of the disease.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Antibiotic prophylaxis against serious wound infection in prosthetic arterial replacement].

Wound infection in arterial prosthetic replacement is the most hazardous complication in vascular surgery, associated with a high incidence rate of invalidity and lethality. The choice of antibiotic and administration scheme play a major role in its prevention. Clinical experience with implantation of synthetic vascular prostheses in a series of 103 patients where Cefuroxim prophylaxis according to a standard scheme is used (described in detail) is comprehensively analyzed. Wound infection grading is done in compliance with Salzman's classification. Against the background of antibiotic prophylaxis deep wound infection with vascular prosthesis involvement is registered in 1.94 per cent of operated patients only which is consistent with literature data on the issue. The obtained results are estimated as very good, and justify Cefuroxim prophylaxis recommendation to the wide practice for maximal reduction of deep wound infection in prosthetic replacement of arteries.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Hyperprolactinemia--the main cause for hypogonadism and galactorrhea].

After describing several types of persistent galactorrhoea--dysmenorrhoea syndrome they are now classified under a common term hyperprolactinaemia. The physiology and pathology of the prolactin are discussed in this report as well as the author's opinion about the diagnostic and treatment of different forms of hyperprolactinaemia.

Galactorrhea↗

PubMed1998

Jugular venous aneurysms: when and how to operate.

BACKGROUND: Jugular venous aneurysms are rare, usually congenital, and present particular problems in management. Whether to perform surgery or not is controversial, cosmetic considerations being the primary factor in the decision. METHODS: Over the past nine years, 10 patients with unilateral jugular venous aneurysms have been closely followed up in our department. The most informative diagnostic procedure for the condition was considered to be ultrasonographic imaging after a positive Valsalva manoeuver, but in six cases phlebography was necessary. Various operative techniques were used--venous ligation, tangential venorrhaphy with or without aneurysm resection and autovenous banding, according to the pathological findings. RESULTS: No complications from the surgery were reported. Over a follow-up period ranging from six months to eight years both operated and non-operated patients were found to be doing equally well. CONCLUSIONS: Problems with the terminology of the disease, its diagnosis and the indications for surgery are discussed. Surgical methods are reviewed and a new operative technique is presented. We conclude that apart from cosmetic considerations, thrombosis and aneurysmal expansion are the principal indications for surgery.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[The microsurgical treatment of idiopathic varicocele (preliminary report)].

A new therapeutic approach to idiopathic varicocele, promoting restoration of the venous return in a physiological manner is described. The procedure consist in the creation of anastomosis between the veins of plexus pampiniformis and vena circumflexa ilium profunda or vena epigastrica inferior profunda using microvascular surgical technique. A brief literature survey of the existing microsurgical methods of varicocele treatment is done. The new method is applied to thirty-seven patients. The microsurgical technique, used in 1991 for the first time, is described in details. The early postoperative results are analyzed. Venous return through the newly constructed anastomosis is verified by Doppler sonography.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Severe acute hand ischemia following an accidental intraarterial drug injection, successfully treated with thrombolysis and intraarterial Iloprost infusion. Case report.

A young woman with acute upper extremity edema and ischemia after intraarterial drug injection is presented. Unsatisfactory results from standard treatment were the reason for changing the therapy to temporary thrombolysis, which led to significant improvement. Some days later severe impairment forced another attempt at applying standard therapy, again unsuccessful. Only after continuous intraarterial infusion of Iloprost, a new improvement occurred and saving of the hand was possible. It became obvious that more effective therapeutic measures ought to be applied when severe hand ischemia following intraarterial drug injection is present.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

[The strategy and procedure in the surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms].

This is a summed up report on experience had with patients operated for aneurysms of the thoracic aorta since 1994. Between March 1994 and March 1994, a total of 192 patients undergo surgical treatment for aneurysms of the thoracic aorta (mean age 51.2 years). Of them 152 are men (79.1 per cent). Of the total number 109 cases have acute dissecting aneurysms, and 31--chronic aneurysms. In 114 cases the aneurysms is limited to the ascending aorta only, and in 22-in the descending aorta. The transverse aortic arch is involved in 56 patients. The prevailing preoperative clinical symptoms include: chest pain (171 cases), aortic valve incompetence (108), peripheral ischemia (79) and congestive heart failure (63). Hypertension (148 cases) is the commonest underlying cause encountered. Prosthetic replacement of the ascending or descending aorta alone is done in 32 and 22 patients, respectively. Separate graft replacement of ascending aorta and aortic valve are performed in 54 patients. Bentall-De Bono's operation is used in 43 cases. Partial arch replacement is done in 25 patients, and total arch replacement--in sixteen. The early postoperative mortality in patients presenting acute dissecting aneurysms of the aorta is significantly higher (24.77 per cent), as compared to that in patients with chronic aneurysms (6.02 per cent). There is no significant difference in early postoperative lethality, attributable to the location of the process.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

[The dynamics of the more important indices of the external respiration following heart surgery operations].

A retrospective study comprising patients undergone cardiac surgery is done. In the study some measurable parameters of external breathing are followed up. The measurements are carried out by portable respiratory monitor. The following parameters are included in the study: FVC, FEV1, PEF and FEF 25-75%. The lowering values of these parameters is taken into account and the degree and way to restore these values is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

The diagnostic value of conventional X-ray examination of the lungs in comparison with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), isotope perfusion scintigraphy and the diffusion capacity in patients with pneumoconiosis.

A precise diagnosis of initial reticular forms of pneumoconioses is very difficult. The present study focuses on 30 patients with initial reticular forms of silicosis, asbestos induced interstitial lung fibrosis, mixed dust pneumoconioses and pneumoconioses of electrowelders. The anterior-posterior chest radiography (according to the ILO International Radiological Classification of Pneumoconioses, 1980), high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), perfusion scintigraphy with 99mTc and the changes in the diffusion capacity were compared. The diagnostic value of these methods was assessed. The study continues by expanding the groups of patients examined and by including the membrane component of diffusion.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[In situ femorodistal autovenous bypass].

Bypass in-situ surgical technique was applied in 49 cases of femorodistal arterial reconstructions. The operative technical details, as well as intra- and postoperative complications are discussed. A patency of the bypass in 87.5% after 18-month following are documented as well as limb salvation in 97.6%. The technical advantage of the bypass in-situ method are discussed and a recommendation for its appliance in suitable cases is given.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Chemotherapy of human cystic echinococcosis: comparative efficacy of mebendazole and albendazole.

The relative efficacy of mebendazole (MEB) and albendazole (ALB) was tested by treating 51 patients with single, multiple and multi-organ hydatid cysts; 28 patients were treated with MEB, 50-70 mg kg-1 body weight daily for six to 24 months, and 23 with ALB, 10 mg kg-1 body weight daily in four courses of 30 days with 15-day intervals between courses. The therapeutic effect during the follow-up was assessed by ultrasonography, computerized tomography and chest X-ray. The criteria used when assessing the results were: 'success', evidence of effect on all cysts; 'partial success', evidence of effect on some of the cysts; and 'no success', no changes in cyst morphology. Treatment with MEB was successful in eight cases (28.6%), partially successful in eight (28.6%) and unsuccessful in 12 (42.8%). Treatment with ALB was successful in 10 cases (43.5%), partially successful in 10 (43.5%) and unsuccessful in three (13.0%).

Abdomen↗

PubMed1991

Results of TV imaging of Phobos (Experiment VSK-Fregat).

From February to March 1989 the Phobos 2 spacecraft took 37 TV images of Phobos at a distance of 190-1100 km. These images complement Mariner-9 and Viking data by providing higher-resolution coverage of a large region West of the crater Stickney (40-160 degrees W) and by providing disk-resolved measurements of surface brightness at a greater range of wavelengths and additional phase angles. These images have supported updated mapping and characterization of large craters and grooves, and have provided additional observations of craters' and grooves' bright rims. Variations in surface visible/near-infrared color ratio of almost a factor of 2 have been recognized; these variations appear to be associated with the ejecta of specific large impact craters. Updated determinations of satellite mass and volume allow calculation of a more accurate value of bulk density, 1.90 +/- 0.1 g cm-3. This is significantly lower than the density of meteoritic analogs to Phobos' surface, suggesting a porous interior perhaps containing interstitial ice.

Astronomy↗

PubMed1990

Evaluation of response to chemotherapy of human cystic echinococcosis.

Fifty-five patients with echinococcosis were treated with mebendazole (30) and albendazole (25). To determine changes in cyst morphology and to evaluate the varying degree of response, progress during follow-up was shown by radiography, computerized tomography and ultrasonography. Persistence of cysts without any change in the morphology and cyst enlargement were taken as criteria for unsuccessful treatment. Development of echogenic foci and increase in density of cyst fluid were considered as a therapeutic effect. Changes in cyst wall such as thickening and deposition of calcium and detachment of the cyst membrane may also indicate response. An essential criterion, for a positive drug effect, was cyst size reduction as well as shape deformation. However, the most convincing and reliable criterion was the complete disappearance of hydatid cysts. Comparative assessment of the therapeutic effect of the two drugs favoured albendazole.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Biological tests for opiate activity of newly-synthesized compounds--opioid peptides and cyclic beta-diketones.

A group of newly-synthesized (Leu5) enkephalinamides and their derivatives, with incorporated D-amino acids, as well as a group of cyclic beta-diketones from the group of 1, 3-indandiones, were partially pharmacologically characterized in experiments in vivo and in vitro. The substances studied, applied subcutaneously in doses of 50 to 1250 micrograms/kg bogy mass in mice, did not induce symptoms of acute and late toxicity. According to the parameters of the neuropharmacological screening tests performed, no significant differences were observed between the mice treated with the agents tested and the control mice. All five agents investigated significantly shortened the duration of hexobaribital-induced sleep. In the experiments using the conflict test after Vogel et al. (1971), (D-Ala2, D-Leu5) enkephalinamide induced a behavioural effect which can be qualified as anxiolytic. The same analogue also manifested a marked analgesic effect with the two tests used: hot plate test and the peritoneal test with glacial acetic acid. The cyclic beta-diketones-(methindiones) tested also manifested good analgesic effect with both test. (D-Ala2, D-Leu5), enkephalinamide strongly reduced the electrically induced contractile responses of the ileum. This effect was completely prevented by naloxone. The fact that (D-Ala2, D-Leu5) enkephalinamaide, known as a selective agonist of the delta-opiate receptors, proved to be particularly active suggests that both mu- and delta-type opiate receptors exist in the guinea-pig ileum. The pronounced analgesic effect of the leucine-enkephalinamide analogue with two substituted D-amino acids and of the two cyclic beta-diketone methindiones opens up new possibilities for synthesizing efficient analgesic agents.

Analgesics↗

PubMed1988

Albendazole treatment of human cystic echinococcosis.

The effect of albendazole was investigated in 20 patients with single or multiorgan hydatid cyst disease. Albendazole was used at a dose of 10 mg/kg daily in cycles of 28 d for four cycles with 15 d between cycles. Follow-up ranged from 12-18 months. Response varied according to the organ involved, the most successful results being with liver and peritoneal cysts. A positive response was seen in 47% of 34 cyst sites and a partial response was seen in a further 38% of sites. Overall response was classed as completely successful in 30% of patients, and partially successful in 60% at the end of follow-up. Adverse events were rare, although occasional abnormalities of liver function were seen.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Albendazole treatment of multiple cerebral hydatid cysts: case report.

A patient with primary multiple cerebral hydatid cysts was treated with albendazole. The daily dose was 10 mg/kg, taken 3 times a day with main meals, in 4 one-month courses separated by intervals of 15 days. Computerized tomography did not reveal any cerebral cysts at the end of therapy; complete calcification was observed at the sites of previous cysts 12 months later. Albendazole was very well tolerated. The results of therapy suggest that albendazole is a valuable contribution to the treatment of cerebral hydatid cysts.

Albendazole↗