Biomedical subjects

D Petrásová

Publications and source records attributed to D Petrásová.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Adrenal incidentalomas and the metabolic syndrome--are there any differences between adenoma and hyperplasia?

Authors evaluated the prevalence of symptoms of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in 25 patients with adrenal incidentalomas (10 men, 15 women) of the mean age 57.9+/-15 years. 15 patients had adrenal adenoma determined by CT or MR scan and 10 had unilateral or bilateral hyperplasia. The prevalence of obesity was 72%, arterial hypertension 60%, diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance 28%, hyperlipidemia 56% and hyperuricemia 20%, respectively, which is more frequent occurrence than that in normal human population. Patients with adrenal adenomas had mildly but significantly higher body mass index (BMI, p<0.05) and insulin resistance calculated as HOMA IR (p<0.05) and FIRI (p<0.05) and significantly higher values of serum ferritin (p<0.01). Plasma cortisol values were slightly but not significantly higher in the group with adrenal adenomas. Authors conclude that adrenal adenomas are probably more related to the metabolic syndrome than adrenal hyperplasia.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2004

Effect of systemic hypoxia and reoxygenation on electrical stability of the rat myocardium: chronophysiological study.

The aim of the study was to determine the dependence of changes in the electrical stability of the heart on the light-dark cycle (LD cycle) in disorders of pulmonary ventilation. The ventricular arrhythmia threshold (VAT) was measured in female Wistar rats (adaptation to the light regime 12:12 h, ketamine/xylazine anesthesia 100 mg/15 mg/kg, i.m., open chest experiments). The conditions of the normal artificial ventilation and reoxygenation were V(T) = 1 ml/100 g, respiratory rate 40 breaths/min, hypoventilation V(T) = 0.5 ml/100 g, respiratory rate 20 breaths/min. The animals (n=11 light group; n=19 dark group) were subjected to 20 min hypoventilation followed by 20 min reoxygenation. The control prehypoventilatory VAT differences were not found between the light (1.90+/-0.84 mA) and dark (1.88+/-0.87 mA) part of the day. Artificial hypoventilation changed the VAT values in light and dark part of the day differently. While during the light period, the average VAT values in most animals (90.9 %) were significantly decreased (1.29+/-0.59 vs. 1.90+/-0.84 mA control, p<0.05), during the dark part these values showed either significant increase (63.2 %) (2.23+/-0.77 vs. 1.48+/-0.39 mA, p<0.005) or a slight non-significant decrease (36.8 %) (2.18+/-0.89 vs. 2.54+/-0.99 mA). Reoxygenation returned the VAT values to the level before hypoventilation by an increase of the VAT (81.8 %) in the light part of day and by decrease of the VAT (68.4 %) in the dark part of the day. It is concluded that 1) in hypoventilation/reoxygenation model, the significant higher average VAT values are in the dark part of the day vs. the light one, 2) rat hearts are more resistant to systemic hypoxia and reoxygenation in the dark part of day, and 3) proarrhythmogenic effect of the systemic hypoxia is only seen in the light part of the day.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

[Prolactin levels before and after stimulation with thyroliberin in primary hypothyroidism].

The authors examined the concentration of thyrotropic hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) before and after stimulation with synthetic thyroliberine (0.2 mg TRH i.v.) in a group of 72 women with primary hypothyroidism (mean age 45 years, range 17-69 years) and 12 controls (mean age 35 years, range 17-49 years). According to the total thyroxin concentrations (TT4) and TSH they divided the group into three smaller subgroups: developed primary hypothyroidism (n = 8, mean age 50 years, TT4 < 65 nmol/l, basal TSH concentration > 15.0 mIU/l nmol/l), subclinical hypothyroidism, severe grade (n = 23, mean age 36 years, TT4 > 65 nmol/l, basal TSH concentration < 4.5 mIU/l), subclinical hypothyroidism mild degree (n = 39, mean age 42 years, TT4 > 65 nmol/l, basal TSH concentration < 4.5 mIU/l, TSH after TRH stimulation > 25 mIU/l). Mean basal PRL concentrations were in all three patient groups significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.01) but mutually they did not differ significantly. Poststimulation PRL concentrations were also significantly higher than in controls however the values in developed hypothyroidism were significantly higher than in subclinical patients. No correlation was found between TSH and PRL concentrations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Smokers--vitamin C--hypercholesterolaemia.

Cigarette smoking is one of the major public health problems of our times. Smokers are damaged by free radicals formed during smoking. The antioxidant capacity of smokers is reduced. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency in heavy smokers with a total cholesterol more than 6.7 mmol/l ranges from 35-55%. It is mediated by smoking, by its low dietary intake by preferential high dietary intake of saturated and unsaturated fats. Vitamin C is an important water soluble antioxidant, therefore its intake can at least partially reduce the unfavourable effect of smoking caused by the attack of free radicals on the organism when smokers are unable to quit smoking.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed2001

Humoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of postprandial hypotension in patients with essential hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of catecholamines and insulin in the development of postprandial hypotension (PPH) in hypertensive patients. PATIENTS: Forty patients with essential hypertension (25 men, 15 women, mean age 68 +/- 2 years). METHOD: Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in all subjects immediately after a 1903 kJ test meal and at 15-minute intervals for up to 1 hour after the meal. At these time points, circulating levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and C-peptide were measured. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (58%) had PPH. By 15 minutes norepinephrine had significantly increased in PPH-negative subjects while it rose more slowly in PPH-positive patients and peaked by 45 minutes after the meal. Norepinephrine levels in 15 minutes were lower in PPH-positive than in PPH-negative ones (159.8 +/- 9.7 vs. 212.3 +/- 21.1 pg/ml, p = 0.01). Epinephrine levels rose only in PPH-negative subjects and did not differ significantly at the different time points. However, the area under curve analysis showed significantly lower epinephrine values in PPH-positive subjects (2903 + 247 pg.min.ml-1 vs. 3710 + 284 pg.min.ml-1, p = 0.03). Dopamine increased in both groups, although it was lower in subjects with PPH during the entire study (15 minutes: 68.6 +/- 3.7 vs. 93.7 +/- 11.7 pg/ml, p = 0.02; 30 minutes: 68.8 +/- 3.7 vs. 86.1 +/- 7.7 pg/ml, p = 0.03; 45 minutes: 60.5 +/- 4.2 vs. 79.7 +/- 5.2 pg/ml, p = 0.006). The postprandial C-peptide response did not differ between patients with PPH and those without PPH. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with essential hypertension, a marked decline in postprandial systolic blood pressure is associated with lower postprandial levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine as compared to subjects without postprandial hypotension. This indicates that impaired sympatho-adrenal activation after ingestion of a meal may contribute to the development of PPH. Insulin appears not to be involved in the pathogenesis of postprandial hypotension.

Adrenal Medulla↗

PubMed1993

[Immunoglobulin E and acute myocardial infarct].

The authors examined repeatedly the immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) level in patients hospitalized on account of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In a group of 33 patients aged 40-59 years (25 men, and 8 women) the authors investigated the case-history for hay fever, allergic rhinitis, eczema, allergy to grass, sensitizing household dust or domestic animals. The authors assessed also the presence of asthma and eczema in parents or relatives. Furthermore the authors investigated the relationship of different components of the immunological profile in relation to IgE and AMI. They found that in AMI the IgE serum level rises or is high on the 5th day after acute myocardial ischaemia. On the 10th and 21st day of hospitalization the IgE level declined and by the end of the third week it was close to baseline values of 300 U/ml or less. The IgG level displayed an almost indirect relation, i.e. during the first days it was close to the borderline of normal values, while it increased significantly on the 21st day of hospitalization. The rise of the IgG level is a response of the immune system to recovery of the necrotic myocardial mass. Consistent with some authors abroad, the authors found that patients with AMI with a high initial IgE serum level have a better prognosis quo ad vitam.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Passive smoking as a risk factor for allergic diseases in children].

The authors examined anamnestically, by interdermal tests with tobacco extract, by assessment of serum IgE and thiocyanates in saliva (according to David and Densen) 234 children with allergic diseases (rhinitis pollinosa, asthma bronchiale, dermorespiratory syndrome). They revealed a high ratio of positive tests in passive smokers (71.8% of the tested children), as compared with children not exposed to smoking (16.1% of the tested children). With advancing age of the probands the ratio of positive tests increased. The authors observed a significant difference in IgE concentrations in passive smokers of all age groups of children with the exception of those aged 1 to 3 years as compared with those not exposed to tobacco smoke. They found also significant differences in the thiocyanates concentrations in saliva between exposed and non-exposed children (223 and 126.4 mumol/l resp.). With regard to the above facts it is important to prevent exposure of predisposed as well as healthy children to cigarette smoke.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988